Categories
Science

Layers on layers of rock in Candor Chasma on Mars

In many ways, Mars is the planet that most closely resembles Earth. The red world has polar ice caps, a nearly 24 hour period of rotation (roughly 24 hours and 37 minutes), mountains, plains, dust storms, volcanoes, a population of robots many of which are old and no longer working, and even some sort of grand Canyon. The ‘Grand Canyon’ on Mars is actually far larger than any Arizona canyon. Valles Marineris dwarfs the 4,000 km long Grand Canyon in the southwestern United States (the distance between LA and New York City) and plunges 7 kilometers into the Martian crust (compared to a meager 2 km in the Grand Canyon). Newly released photos from the high-resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) aboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) reveal breathtaking views of eroding rock walls in Candor Chasma, a gigantic canyon that encompasses part of the Valles Marineris system.

Three step-by-step closer observations of the HiRISE image side (represented by the white rectangle) in Candor Chasma. Photo credit: Google Mars

This spectacularly detailed look at the geographic features of Candor Chasma provides a detailed look at sedimentary rock layers and helps to deepen our understanding of the deposition processes that laid these layers over billions of years. The resolution of the images with visible wavelengths shows details down to the scale of a single meter and enables the visualization of rocks that are as small as the average Golden Retriever. HiRISE also observes in the near infrared of the electromagnetic spectrum, and the resolution of these IR images gets pixels only 30 centimeters wide, more like the size range of a miniature poodle (it’s not necessary to state the resolution in terms of dogs, but it can be helpful in conveying the size of such images to people who are less familiar with space.

The High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment or HiRISE camera system (shown before flying to Mars) Photo credit: NASA / JPL / University of Arizona Valles Marineris stretches thousands of kilometers across Mars. Photo credit: NASA

A closer look at the HiRISE images reveals jagged bedrock protruding from windswept sand and dust, as well as channel-like channels, possibly due to seasonal runoff of liquid water over the sloping cliffs. As with most detailed image acquisition systems, HiRISE sacrifices the field of view for a razor-sharp, very detailed view of the object planet. In order to be able to select good HiRISE targets, a broader view is required. MRO uses a different instrument with a much wider field of view to provide a context from which scientific observational decisions can be made. This context collecting camera is called a context camera or CTX. CTX offers a huge view of Mars and reveals large-scale geological features (Geo is Greek for earth, maybe it should be aresological?) That paint a big picture of the planet.

The Context Camera (CTX) on board the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter gives other instruments a general view of the terrain surrounding smaller rock and mineral targets. Photo credit: NASA / JPL / University of Arizona

This type of wide-angle instrument combined with a detailed close-up camera is reminiscent of more down-to-earth settings that Universe Today readers may already be familiar with. CTX can be thought of as a kind of finderscope, in a way, like a telescope. An amateur astronomer would first use his finderscope to aim at a wide area of ​​interest and locate a particular part of the sky, then examine deeply with the much narrower view offered by the main telescope, or in this case HiRISE.

Another HiRISE image from Candor Chasma shows bright mineral deposits in the canyon. Photo credit: NASA / JPL / University of Arizona A comprehensive overview of a CTX-imaged crater on Mars. Oddly enough, smaller features in the crater have led to the uncanny resemblance to a “happy face”. Photo credit: NASA / JPL / Malin Space Science Systems

By collecting broad overall views while taking amazing high-resolution close-ups, we get a better feel for the structure of Candor Chasma, Valles Marineris, and all of the geological processes and deep history of Mars. Unlike the Arizonan Canyon, Valles Mariners were not formed by surface erosion.

What geological process could be behind the formation of the largest canyon known to mankind? Is it a dry process like submerging a piece of crust along parallel faults known as digging? Another possibility that may be responsible for the formation of such features is the dissolution of various rocks by underground water in what geologists call karst.

Mars Perseverance will take off from Cape Canaveral on July 30, 2020. Photo credit: NASA / Joel Kowsky

Mars’ watery past is a big part of what makes studying such a fascinating planet. The Mars Perseverance Rover, which is already underway and scheduled to land in mid-February 2021, will land on the coast of an ancient Martian ocean. Large bodies of liquid are very rare outside of Earth and are considered a necessary ingredient for the ascension of living things. It goes without saying that finding evidence of life on another planet, even if it is now extinct, would be as powerful a scientific discovery as possible.

Main image: The HiRISE image by Candor Chasma shows layers upon layers of sedimentary rocks on Mars. Photo credit: NASA / JPL / University of Arizona

Follow Ralph Crewe on Twitter @RalphCrewe

See Ralph Crewe explore unusual and fascinating topics on YouTube

MORE:
HiRISE instrument page

CTX instrument page

MRO

Mars Perseverance Rover

Universe today HiRISE stories

Google Mars Interactive Map

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Categories
Entertainment

Rotimi & Vanessa Mdee are actually engaged!

Congratulations to the actor / singer Rotimi for asking his girlfriend and fellow singer Vanessa Mdee the big question.

On Wednesday he asked the big question and asked for her hand in marriage. Her close family and friends captured the moment when they shared congratulatory social media posts on their engagement to the couple.

Rotimi later took a closer look at Vanessa’s ring and said: “She said YES! You are my one and only. My angel. In 2015, I prayed whoever my wife would be, and wherever she was, I hoped that she was happy, had a good day, and received God’s abundance. “

He continued, “Fast forward … YOU … you make me such a better man … I owe GOD. To you. I will repay it by loving you and giving you everything you deserve. Nakupenda. “

Rotimi and Vanessa started publicing their relationship late last year.

Not too long after that, Vanessa announced that she knew Rotimi was her husband, and it wasn’t long before she realized it. During an interview with Millar Dayo, she said, “It took me two days … I said, ‘This is my husband. ‘“And apparently Vanessa knew exactly what she was talking about.

Vanessa thought about the moment and said, “A year and a half ago the world laughed at me when I said I knew that YOU were my husband just a few days after my time with you. I didn’t blame them, after all, it is an unusual and inexplicable feeling when you meet your soulmate. (Also, they had met the Vee who had no plans to get married). “

She continued, “On my 30th birthday, my plans for the years ahead were so different from now, but GOD laughs when we make plans. Jeremiah 29:11 for I know the plans that I have for you; they are plans for good and not for disaster, to give you a future and a hope. “

Congratulations to Rotimi and Vanessa on their engagement.

Would you like updates directly in your text inbox? Hit us at 917-722-8057 or Click here to take part!

TSR STAFF: Jade Ashley @ Jade_Ashley94

Categories
Sport

‘Are we actually within the NFL?’ Saints recall nomadic 2005 season after Hurricane Katrina

METAIRIE, La. — Long before 2020 forced the sports world to deal with so many unprecedented wrinkles, there was the plight of the 2005 New Orleans Saints.

“We were literally the Bad News Bears of the NFL,” wide receiver Lance Moore said of a vagabond team that had to evacuate New Orleans because of Hurricane Katrina and then spend the year bouncing around various practice locations in San Antonio while playing “home” games in three different cities.

“‘Unique’ probably doesn’t do it justice,” said running back Deuce McAllister, a Mississippi native who stressed how much the “uncertainty and the unknown” of the Saints’ long-term future weighed on him and others when it was unclear whether the team would ever return to the Gulf South or might permanently relocate.

It was Dec. 30, 2005, when the Saints announced that they would come home to New Orleans for the 2006 season — where they would produce one of the sport’s all-time great comebacks by hiring coach Sean Payton, signing quarterback Drew Brees and stunningly reaching the NFC Championship Game that season.

But that 2005 season has been mostly lost to history.

New Orleans was flooded and the Superdome damaged by Hurricane Katrina in 2005, left; the renovated stadium is shown a decade later, in 2015. AP Photo/David J. Phillip, left, and Gerald Herbert, File

There was a tug of war going on behind the scenes, with San Antonio officials trying to permanently lure Saints owner Tom Benson to Texas and the league working to make sure that didn’t happen. That led to an agreement in which the Saints would play three home games in San Antonio’s Alamodome and four in Baton Rouge’s Tiger Stadium. They actually played their Week 2 home game against the Giants in New York.

The Saints won their season opener at Carolina while they were still running on adrenaline. Eventually, however, their nomadic existence wore on them as they finished 3-13 and parted ways with coach Jim Haslett, quarterback Aaron Brooks and nearly half the roster.

“I try not to think about it too much,” said Haslett, now the Tennessee Titans’ linebackers coach. “Of all the years I played and coached, I thought it was probably the worst thing I ever went through, the 42 years I’ve been doing this. It was bad for the players; it’s hard to win in those situations. And not being around family. It was hard on everybody.”

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Haslett and several players said they tried not to complain too much publicly. “It was never lost on any of us that as tough as it was for us, it was much more real and tough for everyone in New Orleans and the surrounding area,” wide receiver Donte’ Stallworth said.

But their frustration grew as the season dragged on, especially later in the year, when the Saints could no longer practice inside the Alamodome because of previously scheduled events.

Instead, they held walk-throughs and meetings at an old water works facility and practiced at a high school sports complex, with locker rooms located inside baseball dugouts. Weight rooms were erected under tents in parking lots. Their “hot and cold tubs” were fashioned out of large garbage cans.

“You’d just sit there and go, ‘Wow, are we really in the NFL? We’re just kind of being kicked to the curb here,'” said fullback Mike Karney, who said the memories hit him “like a hammer” when he saw the San Francisco 49ers would have to relocate to Arizona for the final month of this season because of COVID-19 protocols.

“There’s obviously a lot of parallels with what’s going on with some of these teams. You feel for ’em. But it’s everywhere instead of just one team having to deal with it,” Karney said. “But I gotta hand it to the staff and to the players that we had. We’re basically getting our asses handed to us every week with every different obstacle imaginable. And I think we did the best we could.”

ESPN caught up with several members of that team for their reflections 15 years later:

‘That’s what gave me hope’

The Saints evacuated New Orleans on Aug. 28, 2005, the day before the storm hit — leaving three days early for their scheduled preseason trip to Oakland. Players and staff said they felt helpless watching the destruction from their hotel rooms.

Here’s how the postseason bracket looks at the moment and what scenarios lie ahead.
• Playoff picture (ESPN+) »
• Playoff Machine: See scenarios »
• Standings » | Football Power Index »

The team had evacuated for storms in the past. But this was much different since New Orleans’ levee system had failed, leaving much of the city underwater. Reportedly more than 1,800 people died throughout the region. The Superdome was among countless buildings and homes destroyed, forcing hundreds of thousands of people to evacuate to places like Houston and San Antonio.

San Antonio was also a natural destination for the Saints because of Benson’s extensive family and business ties there.

Stallworth: “We had a [players-only] meeting. … A lot of guys wanted to go back to Louisiana and just say, ‘F— the season. We gotta help. Whatever resources we have, we need to be there.’ And others were like, ‘The NFL’s gonna do what they’re gonna do and they’re not just gonna let us not play.’ … That meeting was pretty intense. But I remember at the end we agreed that we were gonna play because the city of New Orleans needed us. And the best thing for us to do is to play out these games and play our asses off and give the city something to be proud of and something to take their minds off the harsh realities they were experiencing.”

McAllister, who was granted access to New Orleans as part of a Sports Illustrated story: “They were literally rescuing people at that time. And this one guy, I’ll never forget it. It wasn’t, ‘Man I’m so thankful to be alive.’ You know the first thing this guy said? ‘Did we beat the Raiders?’ A preseason game! And I was like, ‘Don’t worry about the Raiders.'”

Stallworth: “[Evacuees at a San Antonio shelter] were asking me how I was doing. ‘How’s Joe [Horn]? How’s Deuce? How’s Aaron?’ And I’m like, ‘What?!’ I mean, I’ve always understood sports were important. Even as a child I think it helped me escape some of the realities of my own upbringing, to just immerse myself in football. But that really hit me hard.”

Former President George H.W. Bush does the coin toss before the Saints’ “home” opener against the Giants at Giants Stadium. Vincent Laforet/Getty Images

Offensive tackle Wayne Gandy: “I remember there was no way Carolina was gonna beat us [in Week 1]. They had no shot, because we had been to see the people sleeping in the hangars and hand out food and things like that.”

Wide receiver Joe Horn: “That’s what gave me hope. … That’s what gave me the drive to go to practice and drive 35-40 minutes back to my house in San Antonio. We were displaced, but we were still millionaires. We had the financial means to help the people in those shelters. And to hear those fans talk about football and that’s all they wanted, they wanted to see football, they wanted to know that their team was playing.”

‘Is this high school again?’

Once it was determined that the Saints would stay in San Antonio for the season, players were told they could stay in the team hotel for two weeks. Some bought or rented houses, but many others lived in apartment complexes. Several players credited player development director Ricky Porter and other team officials for helping them make arrangements. But Porter usually didn’t have to coordinate such things for an entire roster all at once, and staff members all needed to find their own places to live.

Karney: “Just complete chaos. Go find a place to live. Without our cars. Our cars were still stuck at the facility. Mr. Benson ended up getting all of his dealership shipping trucks to get all of our cars. But it was a complete madhouse trying to find a place to live in those first few days. And you know, we were told to only pack for a couple days, so nobody had any clothes.”

Saints players arrive for practice at the San Antonio Independent School District’s Spring Sports Complex in early September 2005. BAHRAM MARK SOBHANI/San Antonio Express-News/ZUMA Press

Haslett, whose family stayed in the New Orleans area: “It was similar with players, people in the building, secretaries, everybody. They couldn’t just move to San Antonio because you didn’t know what was gonna happen after the six months, and they had mortgages and rentals back in New Orleans. Could they afford it? So it was hard. You had a few people quit and decide to go back home, and that’s understandable.”

McAllister: “Normally you might see five or 10 guys hanging out in the NFL, but it was like college for us. So any time that you went out, it was like, ‘All right, guys, we’re going to Fox and Hound tonight’ or, ‘We’re going to Buffalo Wild Wings tonight.’ And there were literally 30 guys because no one really knew anywhere to go.”

Karney: “It wasn’t like a fraternity where we would all hang out. Once we got situated, it became kind of normal life. But it was nice to know you had teammates in the area. We spent Thanksgivings together, Christmas together, because a lot of guys didn’t have family there.”

Gandy: The first thing that jumps out is how they made the modified weight room in the parking lot. It was like Ringling Brothers, an old circus tent. … Rotating ice baths or warm-ups in garbage cans. … When you’re on those yellow buses and you’re like, ‘Man, is this high school again?'”

Karney: “We all had these electric scooters because it was such a haul from the parking lot of the Alamodome to get to the meeting rooms. … It was like we were a biker gang.”

The Saints played three of their 2005 home games at the Alamodome in San Antonio. Eric Gay/AP Photo

Stallworth: “You get accustomed to warming up a certain way and playing the game a certain way, and not having that was really hard. There was no regular chiropractor. I would actually have Dr. Rob [Lizana, from New Orleans] come to San Antonio, and he was staying in my place. Guys would come to my place and get cracked up by Dr. Rob.”

Moore: “It was funny, because when I was traveling later in the season, like we played the Jets. And just being in that away locker room, guys were excited that they had the little whirlpool tub.”

Haslett: “The water works building didn’t have electricity some of the time. We did walk-throughs in the parking lot, and if it rained, I had guys go out and sweep the puddles. One practice, Joe Horn and two other guys got lost because they couldn’t find the practice field. So we practiced without three of our starting wideouts.”

Gandy: “Part of being great at anything is minimizing distractions and being able to focus. And when every aspect of trying to do that is being interrupted — ‘You gotta drive over, catch the bus here, bus back, two of the buses are late’ — you could see guys starting to fade at a point. Especially any time you start losing.”

Karney: “Every time we were taxiing down the runway, to fly to our home game or to an away game — which to us was all the same — I always noticed, ‘Man, this whole plane is asleep.’ And we hadn’t even taken off yet.”

‘The morale was gone’

Players were upset that commissioner Paul Tagliabue and other top NFL officials never came to San Antonio until very late in the season — and they let him know about it during a volatile meeting. (Tagliabue, who did not respond to an interview request, reportedly offered to meet the team twice on the road but was rebuffed by team officials, who didn’t want such a meeting to take place the day before a game.) Players were also upset that they couldn’t play all of their home games in San Antonio for stability and some semblance of a home-field advantage. And many believed that late-season reimbursement payments of up to $40,000 per player was too little, too late.

Brooks, who declined an interview request, was one of the most outspoken critics of Tagliabue and the league in a December 2005 interview with Westwood One radio. Brooks also said that Benson could have done a better job making players feel comfortable — and he later suggested that speaking out contributed to his eventual release. Saints officials also declined comment.

After winning an emotional season opener, Aaron Brooks and the Saints struggled the rest of the way, finishing 3-13. AP Photo/Ric Feld

Karney: “There was anger all along. Probably after that New York Giants home game, I think guys started to be like, ‘This is a bunch of B.S., man.’ This isn’t really about the well-being of us or this team. And then after that, we just never had anybody come and see us. I remember Paul Tagliabue came at the very end of the season. And Wayne Gandy, Kendyl Jacox, Aaron Brooks, guys were just hammering him. Like, ‘This is a joke, you’re a joke, what are you doing here? Where were you at Week 2, Week 1?'”

Moore: “They were letting him have it. I had never seen anything like that.”

Gandy: “I was Year 12 or 13, so I was the old salty veteran. And I didn’t understand the logistics. It was like we were anonymous.”

McAllister, who tore his ACL in Week 5: “The morale of the team was gone way before December. We were angry and outspoken from the very beginning. And look, I respect the job that Paul and the commissioner has, but it was really an insult to us.”

Horn: “I was under no illusion. We were professional football players and we were being paid by the Benson family. Of course, the Saints fans were paying for tickets as well. And I was under no illusion that the NFL had to carry on, because it’s a billion-dollar business. So practicing at a high school field, having to drive 35, 40 minutes across town to a mansion with a basketball court inside your house, wasn’t as hard. It made it harder to win, obviously, because we lost some games. But at the end of the day, we still had a job to do.”

Saints fans at LSU’s Tiger Stadium in Baton Rouge expressed their feelings about the team potentially moving out of New Orleans. AP Photo/Bill Feig

Gandy: “[Saints officials] were going through the same thing that we were. It’s hard to tell somebody to do better when they’re in the storm as well. They got on the same plane that we did, those coaches, and they couldn’t go home either. That’s why I thought the NFL would jump in a little harder.”

Karney: “Benson gave us a speech [early on]: ‘Tough times don’t last long, tough people do. We it.’ I remember Haslett had shirts made: ‘We it.’ It was hilarious, because he was a man of very few words. But it kind of gave us a little bit of a rallying cry.”

‘You definitely heard the boos’

Benson drew a lot more backlash from the fan base because of the possibility that he would relocate the team. While the Saints were embraced in San Antonio, the reception was decidedly harsh in Baton Rouge.

Moore: “The Alamodome was rocking. And then you move over to Baton Rouge, and obviously the whole region dealt with the hurricane. So there was 10,000 or 15,000 people there. It felt like a high school game sometimes. There were certain things that were out of our control, like the talk about staying and relocating to San Antonio or whatever the NFL was doing. But if we had been winning, I don’t know if the reception would have been the same. … And us not being able to win those games, I imagine that helped to bring out all of the frustrations those fans felt.”

Saints players take the field for pregame warm-ups at Tiger Stadium in Baton Rouge. AP Photo/Travis Spradling

McAllister: “Fans were upset, we were upset, and you just couldn’t get anything going. You definitely heard the boos.”

Horn: “[San Antonio] was a beautiful place. They took care of us as much as they could. But at the end of the day, our home was back in Louisiana. That was my No. 1 goal for the football team. And some guys didn’t give a s—. Most of them wanted to stay in Texas; that’s just the truth. I was opposed to that. I was on the other side of that line.”

McAllister: “For some guys, this was just a city they played football in. But for me, it was my home. I remember the day [the Saints announced they would return to New Orleans] and being like, ‘Man, we’re going home.’ But there was still that, ‘What will home look like? What services are there? What will the drinking water be like?'”

‘It built that unity’

The team would also look different. Haslett and Brooks had both arrived in 2000, leading the Saints to a 10-6 record and the franchise’s first playoff win. But they went 7-9, 9-7, 8-8 and 8-8 over the next four years before the bottom dropped out in 2005. Haslett was fired and Brooks was released.

Haslett: “To be honest, I don’t think it was fair that the staff was let go after that year — and I probably brought it on myself [by seeking a long-term extension instead of a shorter commitment]. I don’t know if that was a fair evaluation.”

Stallworth: “I don’t think Haslett got enough credit for how he kept the team together as much as he could.”

Moore: “Honestly, I feel bad for Has, I really do. Because he was put in an impossible situation. I think he was a heck of a football coach.”

An emotional Mike Karney is consoled by Ernie Conwell after the Saints’ 2006 victory in the first game played in the refurbished Superdome. Alex Brandon/AP Photo

Gandy: “I got traded to the Falcons the next year, so I played in that first game back in the Superdome [the Saints’ legendary Monday night win, which began with a U2 and Green Day concert and was highlighted by Steve Gleason’s blocked punt]. And it seemed that the applause and the sentiment was for the 2006 team and forward. I got to witness like, ‘Wow, you’re talking about Sean Payton and Drew Brees and the new Saints.’ I still have a little pinch of cayenne about those guys from 2005 [who] deserved a little more applause.”

Moore: “[Gandy] is right. Because what we went through in ’05 definitely played a part, I think, in how well we did in ’06.”

Karney: “That’s why I was so emotional [in a photo of him crying on the sideline during the Monday night win]. I thought about everything we had gone through.”

The late defensive end Will Smith, speaking after the Saints won the Super Bowl in February 2010: “[2005] wasn’t a happy time to be a football player at that level. But the players actually made it a good time. It brought the team closer, and everybody wanted to play for everybody else. It built that unity and bond that you don’t really see in professional sports.”

Categories
Science

1000’s in Colorado With out Warmth After Vandals Assault Gasoline System – Watts Up With That?

Thousands in Colorado Without Heat After Vandals Attack Gas System – Watts Up With That? Jump to content

From NYPost

Thousands of residents in Aspen, Colorado stayed near zero degrees without heat after vandals – possibly green activists from an environmental group – attacked the city’s gas system, authorities said Monday.

The vandals apparently attacked three separate Black Hills Energy gas pipelines, one in Aspen and two in Pitkin County, and left some 3,500 residents shaking in their homes on Saturday night, the Aspen Times reported.

The Aspen Police Department said the words “Earth First!”

False flag or not, someone seems to be taking out credit

The Aspen Police Department said the words “Earth First!” were written on a pipe near Aspen. It is unclear whether the environmental group “Earth First!” was behind the vandalism.

Well, at a time with no consequences for violent protests, I wonder how high the likelihood of escalating ecoterrorism could be.

HT / Roger K.

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Technology

A complete information to Typescript for JavaScript builders

If you’re a JavaScript developer, you must have heard of Typescript at one point or another. If you hated to try Typescript because you’re unsure how it could serve you better than JavaScript, you’ve come to the right place.

This guide provides an introductory but comprehensive guide to Typescript that any JavaScript developer would need to get started.

What is Typescript, what is its type system and how would you as a JavaScript developer use Typescript in your next project? Answers to all of these questions can be found at the end of this article.

Note: I may be a little biased towards Typescript. There is no project where I prefer JS over Typescript.

What is typescript?

You can think of Typescript as a language that offers an extra layer over JavaScript.

Why?

Although we write our code in Typescript first, we cannot run Typescript directly in a browser like we do JavaScript. Instead, Typescript goes through an additional compilation step to convert its code into JavaScript that is recognized by the browser.

Even if we program in Typescript, the end program that is executed in the browser is executed in JavaScript.

Then why do we even use Typescript?

Although Typescript does not offer any additional functionality than JavaScript at runtime, it does offer a number of functions to ensure that we as developers can write less error-prone and more maintainable code than if we were just using JavaScript.

How does Typescript do it?

Typescript, as the name suggests, introduces a type system via vanilla JavaScript. While the variable type is assigned dynamically in JavaScript, Typescript forces us to define the type of the declared variable in advance.

With JavaScript we can assign an integer value to a variable on the first line and assign a string value on the next line.

With Typescript, however, we can limit this behavior by explicitly declaring a type for a variable. If we try to assign a string to a variable of type “number”, an error is generated.

VS code warning in the event of incorrect type assignment

In short, this is what Typescript does differently than JavaScript: use types to prevent us from making silly mistakes in our code.

How Typescript improves JavaScript

While the inability to define types isn’t necessarily a deficit in JavaScript, it does give programmers too much freedom, which inevitably leads them to write bad code.

In the above scenario with Javascript, nothing prevents the developer from using that a number variable represent an object. While it’s not a bug that would crash the program, it goes beyond the purpose of using variable names to document the code itself.

Typescript easily solves this problem by defining the type of the variable during the declaration so that it cannot be assigned a value of any other type.

If another developer has access to this variable in your program, they can now be sure that its value is a number that exactly matches its name.

In this case it is isEligible function expects an object with a field named age. However, Javascript cannot guarantee that the argument passed to the function is actually an object or field named age.

Here, too, Typescript has the solution to this problem.

This code may not make sense to you at this time. However, note how it is ensured that the type of variable passed is of type Person, which is defined at the beginning.

Using Typescript will remove hundreds of negligent coding errors from your program and you won’t have to work your hair out every time you run into the silliest mistakes. In addition, your code will be better self-documented and maintainability improved.

If you’ve been frustrated with the inadequate JavaScript code suggestions in an IDE, you have another reason to try Typescript. The presence of types gives Typescript the ability to display better code suggestions in an IDE.

Using types with typescript

Basic types

Typescript has a number of basic types that are predefined. Number, string, boolean, and array are some examples.

The full list of basic types can be found in the Typescript documentation.

Here are some examples:

Notice how each type resets Typescript to act like JavaScript. Since our purpose in using Typescript is to give our code better structure, avoid using types whenever possible.

Similarly, try to avoid using a union of types. However, if this is unavoidable, limit the number of types allowed in the union as much as possible.

Declare custom types

Do you remember how I used a type called Person in a previous code example? Person is not a basic data type in Typescript. I created the person type according to my requirements to be used as a parameter type accepted by the specified function.

We use interfaces to define the basic structure of a new type that we introduce into the application.

Now when we create a new type object it should contain the field name and age. If not, Typescript throws an error.

VS Code warning of missing properties in custom types

You can also define optional fields within an interface.

You can then use a custom type as the field type when defining a different type.

Expand interfaces

In Typescript, you can inherit the properties of another type by extending its interface.

For example, suppose your application requires two different types: Person and Employee. Since an employee is also a person, it makes sense to inherit the properties of the person type when creating the employee interface. It prevents code repetition.

You can do this quickly by expanding the person interface.

Function parameter types and return types

Similar to variable types, you can define types for function parameters and return values. While the parameter type is declared next to the parameter name, the return type is declared immediately before the curly braces.

With the defined parameter type and return value, we can guarantee that you or anyone else using this function will not inadvertently pass an object that does not have the properties of the vehicle type.

You can also guarantee that the field sold in any object passed will not be undefined or null. It also eliminates a number of scenarios that could cause an error at runtime. If you’re using Javascript, you’ll need to write more code to prevent such an error from occurring at runtime.

Similar to variables, you can define the return and parameter types as a union of several types.

If you declare the accepted parameter or return type, objects of types that extend the interface of the initial type are also accepted as an argument or return value.

Use generic drugs

With Typescript you can define generic variables just as easily as before. If you define a generic function, you can use it to process data that is of one of the built-in or user-defined types.

What if you use the “any” type instead of generic?

Of course, you can modify the above function to accept all kinds of arguments of type ‘any’.

However, this method does not preserve the data type passed to the function. Instead, it records any argument passed as belonging to any type. Also, you should avoid the use of any.

With generics, however, you can keep what type of data is passed to the function. If you want to change the functional logic according to the type of data being passed, using generics is better than accepting data of any type.

Use of type aliases

If a particular field that you want to use in the application can be of one of several types, you can define its type as a union of these separate types.

Now you don’t have to use a long union of types. In the future, if you want to change the return type of the function, all you have to do now is change one line of code.

Type conversion

When one type is defined by extending the interface of another, the relationship generated between the two gives us permission to convert objects defined in one of them to another.

Take the previously defined Car and ImportedCar types. First I create an object of type ImportedCar and see how the conversion works on it.

This code will compile without errors. It makes sense that this conversion works because the ImportedCar type already has all the fields defined in the Car type.

If we try to access the manufacturer field defined in the object before converting, an error is generated because the converted object is of type Auto.

Conclusion

I hope this post has cleared up any doubts you had about using Typescript for frontend development. Since most of the functions in Typescript are already similar to JavaScript, you can master Typescript in no time. It would definitely pay off in your next project.

And next, you’ll become a JavaScript developer who can’t live without Typescript like me.

These items was originally published on Live code stream by Juan Cruz Martinez (Twitter: @bajcmartinez), Founder and publisher of Live Code Stream, entrepreneur, developer, author, speaker and maker of things.

Live code stream is also available as a free weekly newsletter. Sign up for updates on everything related to programming, AI and computer science in general.

Categories
Health

Ford and Bryan Cranston urge Individuals to comply with Covid’s precautions

Still from Ford’s “Finish Strong” spot.

ford

In a new ad campaign starring actor Bryan Cranston, Ford Motor urges Americans to adhere to Covid-19 protocols to save lives in the next phase of the pandemic.

The campaign, part of an initiative the company named #FinishStrong, features a new commercial from filmmaker Peter Berg voiced by the star “Breaking Bad” and “Your Honor”. The spots will be released in early January during college football bowl games on ABC and ESPN and NFL games on Fox.

Ford leaders said on a call Wednesday that the company wanted to step up Covid protocols in the final leg of the pandemic to prevent tens of thousands of additional deaths from vaccine adoption.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fKwk8mfI6G8

“We’re entering a really critical time,” said Mark Truby, Ford’s chief communications officer. “Vaccines are just around the corner, but we know from health professionals and so on that until there is a mass launch of vaccines and so on, up to 50,000 more American lives could be saved, and what kinds of numbers will really make a difference. ”

The ad, which contains scenes of frontline workers and those affected by Covid, is intended to set a uniform tone.

“We know Americans don’t necessarily want to be preached, and they don’t want to hear fear tactics,” Truby said. “The idea behind it was how we can develop a positive message that appeals to the sense of humanity, patriotism and the feeling of doing what’s right for each other.”

The company worked on site with the advertising agency Wieden + Kennedy and the Civic Entertainment Group. Ford is dedicating a number of slots during the games in early January that were originally intended to be used to promote its F-150 truck.

Ford has worked with the UAW to manufacture tens of millions of personal protective equipment, including 20 million face shields, 50,000 ventilators, 32,000 respirators and 1.4 million robes, amid the pandemic.

Categories
Entertainment

How Will Smith and Jada Pinkett Smith constructed an enduring marriage

“We refer to ourselves as ‘life partners’ where you get into the room where you realize that you are literally with someone for the rest of your life. There are no deal breakers,” Will explained in an appearance on Rap Radar -Podcast from TIDAL in 2018. “There is nothing she could do – never – nothing that would break our relationship. She has my support until death and it feels so good to get into this room. “

It’s a place of lots of digging and learning and endless communication, but it’s her busy journey that helps make this destination feel so cute.

“Here’s the thing with Will and me, it’s like we’re a family that never goes down! It’s just not! Never!” she went to Sway Calloway during a June 2018 interview about Sway in the Morning on SiriusXM’s Shade 45. “It doesn’t matter all of this relationship and what people think, ideas of a husband and a partner and all that, man, whatever, at the end of the Tag, this is a man who can count on me for the rest of his life. “

We’ll offer a hearty high-five with it and then keep it moving.

(Originally published July 22, 2020 at 12 p.m. PT)

Categories
Science

Planetary scientists have created a map of all of Mars’ historical river methods

Navigating and mapping rivers has long been a central part of human exploration. Whether it was Powell exploring the Colorado Gorges or Pizarro using the Amazon to find El Dorado, rivers and our exploration were extremely important. Now scientists have designed a completely new, unique river basin. This happens to be on a completely different planet and dried up billions of years ago.

Three to four billion years ago, Mars actually had flowing water. Evidence of these rivers has shown up in satellite imagery and rover samples for almost as long as we’ve explored the red planet. Since Mars has little tectonics or erosion, that evidence has remained somewhat intact to this day.

Youtube video about the rivers of Mars.
Photo credit: Anton Petrov

Recently a team of scientists developed a tool to better study these characteristics. They managed to put together an 8 trillion pixel image of the entire surface of Mars. Each pixel in this incredibly detailed image represents an area of ​​around 5 to 6 square feet. Unfortunately, it doesn’t seem open to the general public for even a year. Whether or not it does, it will surely prove useful in a wide variety of research projects relating to the Mars environment. One of the first, recently published in Geology, was a map of the red planet’s river crests.

The old dry river beds on Mars have been well mapped for some time, starting with Giovanni Schiaparelli’s famous “Canali”. However, there are other features of rivers that geologists like to study. One of the most important are the ridges described in the paper.

Some very detailed images of the Martian river systems as part of the 8 trillion pixel image of the surface.
Photo credit: JL Dickson et al.

River crests (or “river crests”) are caused by the sediment that a river carries away as it travels downhill. The sediment that a river ingests is occasionally ingested and deposited in various places, creating ridges that can become significant in size. Deltas such as those of the Nile and Mississippi are examples of this sediment deposition process.

Like the rivers on Earth, Mars had a similar process when liquid water ran on its surface. In the past, scientists had tried to inventory the river ridges using data from 1997 to 2006, but the data itself was not detailed enough to identify the types of features required for a full inventory.

Breathtaking picture of the Mississippi Delta. Similar river deltas would have existed on Mars billions of years ago.
Photo credit: NASA

These more detailed data have now been made available with the stitched-together image of the entire surface of Mars. Interestingly, only the planet’s southern hemisphere appears to have these ridges. The best explanation for this is that the northern hemisphere has resurfaced more dramatically in the past billion years, largely due to lava flows.

The southern hemisphere, on the other hand, is “one of the flattest surfaces in the solar system,” according to Woodward Fischer, one of the authors of the paper. These flat surfaces are ideal for viewing the ridges that would be created by sedimentation. It is easier to distinguish the additional material if the environment does not have significantly different altitudes within the framework of the natural geological features.

Schiaparelli’s original map of Mars with river basins and highlands.
Photo credit: Giovanni Schiaparelli

Not only is the study a really cool use for this new detailed map, but it’s also a helpful guide to the geological and ecological processes on Mars. Understanding where these ridges exist can potentially help guide future rover missions to a deposit of interest. Any additional information that can be gleaned from these sedimentation processes would be welcomed by the geological community. It can also contribute to our increasingly high-resolution understanding of the Martian surface. With this scientific goal in mind, the surveyor of the next great unexplored river system might just be a robot.

Learn more:
The Geological Society of America: River Mapping of Mars
Geology: The global distribution of debris flows on early Mars
American Geophysical Union: Global Map of the Mars River Systems: Estimates of Age and Total Eroded Volume
UT: Was that huge river delta on Mars the place where its oceans finally disappeared?

Mission statement: Example of river crests on Mars.
Photo credit: JL Dickson

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Categories
Sport

Which TV channel is displaying USA vs. Sweden? Schedule, time for the 2021 World Juniors recreation

It’s about positioning yourself between two hockey powerhouses in a New Year’s Eve matchup. The United States and Sweden are guaranteed places in the quarterfinals of the IIHF World Juniors 2021, but who they will see is only 60 minutes of action.

The mood in Team USA is high after they have returned after a one-sided 5-3 loss to Russia with two one-sided wins against Austria (11-0) and the Czech Republic (7-0). Trevor Zegras was a side with 10 points (five goals, five assists) in just three games, while captain Cam York scored six points, including five assistants. Against the Czechs, the Americans also scored goals from Arthur Kaliyev and Cole Caufield, as well as a strong performance in the net by Spencer Knight. If head coach Nate Leaman can make these guys shine, the United States could get the New Year going.

However, it’s not an easy meeting. Sweden is a force led by the noisy “Terror Twins” Alexander Holtz and Lucas Raymond. Throw the blue line from Philip Broberg, Victor Soderstrom and Tobias Bjornfot and the US will definitely have its hands full. Also, Sweden lost their first game in about 15 years with overtime against Russia on Wednesday night (now 54-1 record) and will try to avoid consecutive defeats.

If the United States wins in regulation, it will take Group B.

Here’s how to watch the IIHF World Juniors Group B meeting between the US and Sweden in 2021.

How to see USA versus Sweden

  • TV channels (Canada): TSN
  • Live Stream (Canada): TSN Live
  • TV station (USA): NHL network
  • Live stream (USA): fuboTV (7 days free trial)

USA vs. Sweden: when will the puck fall?

  • Date: Thursday December 31st
  • Time: 9:30 p.m. ET

World Juniors 2021: The latest news

competition

United States of America

Canada

Which teams will take part in the 2021 Junior World Championship?

Ten teams, divided into two groups of five, take part.

Group A Group B.
Canada Russia
Finland Sweden
Switzerland United States of America
Slovakia Czech Republic
Germany Austria

Full schedule for the 2021 Junior World Championship

(All times east)

FRIDAY, DEC. 25th
Switzerland versus Slovakia 14 o’clock TSN, NHLN
Germany versus Finland 6 p.m. TSN, NHLN
Russia versus USA 9:30 p.m. TSN, NHLN
SATURDAY, DEC. 26th
Sweden versus Czech Republic 14 o’clock TSN, NHLN
Germany versus Canada 6 p.m. TSN, NHLN
USA vs. Austria 9:30 p.m. TSN, NHLN
SUNDAY, DEC. 27
Finland versus Switzerland 14 o’clock TSN, NHLN
Slovakia versus Canada 6 p.m. TSN, NHLN
Czech Republic versus Russia 9:30 p.m. TSN, NHLN
MONDAY, DEC. 28
Austria versus Sweden 6 p.m. TSN, NHLN
Slovakia versus Germany 9:30 p.m. TSN, NHLN
TUESDAY, DEC. 29
USA versus Czech Republic 14 o’clock TSN, NHLN
Canada versus Switzerland 6 p.m. TSN, NHLN
Austria versus Russia 9:30 p.m. TSN, NHLN
WEDNESDAY, DEC. 30th
Finland versus Slovakia 14 o’clock TSN, NHLN
Switzerland versus Germany 6 p.m. TSN, NHLN
Russia versus Sweden 9:30 p.m. TSN, NHLN
THURSDAY, DEC. 31
Czech Republic versus Austria 14 o’clock TSN, NHLN
Canada versus Finland 6 p.m. TSN, NHLN
Sweden versus USA 9:30 p.m. TSN, NHLN
SATURDAY, JAN. 2
Quarter finals Noon TSN, NHLN
Quarter finals 3:30 pm TSN, NHLN
Quarter finals 19 o’clock TSN, NHLN
Quarter finals 10:30 p.m. TSN, NHLN
MONDAY, JAN. 4th
Semifinals 6 p.m. TSN, NHLN
Semifinals 9:30 p.m. TSN, NHLN
TUESDAY, JAN. 5
Game for the bronze medal 17:30 TSN, NHLN
Gold medal game 9:30 p.m. TSN, NHLN

Who has won the IIHF Junior World Championship in the last 10 years?

year winner Host country
2020 Canada Czech Republic
2019 Finland Canada
2018 Canada United States
2017 United States Canada
2016 Finland Finland
2015 Canada Canada
2014 Finland Sweden
2013 United States Russia
2012 Sweden Canada
2011 Russia United States

Which countries won the most medals at the Junior World Championship?

country gold silver bronze total
Canada 18th 9 5 32
Russia* 13th 13th 11 37
Finland 5 4th 6th 15th
United States 4th 2 6th 12th
Sweden 2 11 6th 19th
Czech Republic + 2 5 7th 14th
Slovakia 0 0 2 2
Switzerland 0 0 1 1

* Includes medals won as the Soviet Union and CIS
+ Includes medals won as Czechoslovakia

Categories
Science

May the Covid Lockdown have helped save us from local weather change? – Watts up with that?

Guest essay by Eric Worrall

According to The Guardian, the Covid lockdown brought “heartwarming” images of sheep grazing in an abandoned children’s playground and gave us an insight into what could be possible under a future climate lockdown.

Could Covid Lockdown have helped save the planet?

The slowdown in human activity was too short to undo years of destruction, but we did see a glimpse of the world of post-fossil fuels

Jonathan Watts @ jonathanwatts
Tue 29 Dec 2020 18.00 AEDT

When the lockdown began, climatologists were appalled by the tragedy, but also intrigued to observe what they termed an “accidental experiment” on a global scale. How much, they asked, would the Earth system respond to the steepest slowdown in human activity since World War II?

Environmental activists ask the question more succinctly: how much would it help save the planet?

The respite was too short to undo decades of destruction, but it gave a glimpse of what the world might feel like without fossil fuels and with more space for nature.

The wildlife did not have time to reclaim lost territory, but they did have room to explore. In addition to apocalyptic images of deserted streets, the Internet hummed along briefly heartwarming clips of sheep in an abandoned playground in Monmouthshire, Wales, coyotes on the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, wild boars sniffing the streets of Barcelona, ​​and deer grazing near the White House in Washington DC. Wildflowers bloomed along roadsides because the edges were cut less frequently.

But the gains were short-lived. Once the lockdown wore off, traffic fell and air pollution rose. In a survey of 49 UK cities, 80% had contamination levels that were now the same as or worse than before the pandemic. Elsewhere, sightings of distant mountain peaks and wild animals disappear.

Read more: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/dec/29/could-covid-lockdown-have-helped-save-the-planet

I have to admit that the sheep were kind of cute. But I don’t find anything heartwarming about children who crouch indoors in misery and cannot play because everyone is afraid of developing a fatal disease. I also find nothing “heartwarming” in people who are committed to prolong this misery for the foreseeable future.

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