Categories
Science

There are seven rocky planets within the TRAPPIST-1 system and they’re surprisingly comparable

The TRAPPIST-1 system has long been studied by exoplanet hunters because there are a unique set of planets that happen to be Earth-sized too. In a recent article, a team of scientists led by Erik Agol of the University of Washington went into more detail about the density of the seven known planets in the system and surprisingly found that they were all very similar.

All seven planets were about 8% less dense than Earth. Many planets were found that were of similar density. However, a system with the same density consistency as the TRAPPIST-1 system has never been found. The authors of the paper offer three different explanations for why this might be the case.

First, there might be a little less iron in them than there is on Earth. Since most of the earth’s iron is in its core, this would mean that the core of these TRAPPIST worlds would have a smaller core than that of the earth.

Second, the planets could be completely covered in rust (iron oxide), just like Mars is. Unlike Mars, this rust could reach down to the core, which means that the iron in the core of the seven planets could actually be made entirely of rust – a strange thought.

PBS Spacetime video describing the TRAPPIST-1 system.
Photo credit: PBS Spacetime

Even more fascinating than the idea of ​​a planet with a rusty core is the basis of the third hypothesis – a large percentage of the mass of the planets could be explained by water. The three inner stars in the system are too close to the star in the heart of the system to hold liquid water. However, similar to Venus, it is possible for the planets to maintain water-heavy clouds when they have a heavy atmosphere.

Representation of several possible states for the planets in the TRAPPIST-1 system.
Photo credit: NASA / JPL-Caltech

Three of the four outer planets in the system live in the “Goldilocks Zone,” where liquid water may exist on their surface (the fourth is too far away to be the case). And there is a theory that supports the idea that these planets have more water than would otherwise be expected. Dr. However, Agol points out that the probability that all seven planets would have just the right amount of water to have the same density would be a great coincidence. While we cannot currently disprove this theory, the likelihood that the TRAPPIST worlds are covered in oceans does not improve over this particular study.

Graphic with size and density comparisons between planets in the solar system and those in TRAPPIST-1.
Photo credit: NASA / JPL – Caltech

Many more studies are sure to follow. As one of the systems with a vast majority of Earth-sized planets, TRAPPIST-1 will continue to attract observation time and attention from many in the astronomical community, regardless of what its planets are made of.

Learn more:
University of Liège: The seven rocky planets of TRAPPIST-1 seem to have very similar compositions
NASA / JPL: The 7 Rocky Trappist planets can be made of similar material
University of Washington: The 7 rocky planets orbiting TRAPPIST-1 may be made of similar material.

Main picture: Artist’s impression of the seven worlds of the TRAPPIST-1 system
Photo credit: NASA / JPL-Caltech

Like this:

To like Loading…

Categories
Sport

TE Greg Olsen is retiring from the NFL to hitch Fox Sports activities as a broadcaster

Three-time Pro Bowl fan Greg Olsen announced ahead of Sunday’s NFC championship game that he would retire and join Fox Sports’ NFL coverage.

Olsen spent the 2021 season with the Seattle Seahawks after nine years with the Carolina Panthers, where he was the first close end in NFL history, receiving three consecutive seasons with 1,000 yards from 2014 to ’16.

The Panthers released 35-year-old Olsen in the 2020 off-season under new coach Matt Rhule. In February, he signed a $ 6.6 million one-year deal with Seattle.

In July, Olsen signed a contract as Fox Sports’ # 2 NFL TV analyst with Kevin Burkhardt after he retired.

“Proud of what I’ve achieved in this league, proud of the relationships and everything the game has given me,” said Olsen during Fox Sports’ pregame show. “But sometimes when it’s time, it’s time and mine.” The time in the NFL is now over. I look forward to the next chapter. … I have everything from my system. “

He was greeted on Twitter by both the Panthers and Seahawks after making his announcement.

Thank you for the third catches of the clutch, the unmatched knowledge of the game book and the endless laughter. # KeepPounding @ gregolsen88 pic.twitter.com/GxpeHPtEc1

– Carolina Panthers (@Panthers) January 24, 2021

Congratulations on your retirement, @ gregolsen88!

We wish you all the best. 💙 https://t.co/3vt6VF5PfU

– Seattle Seahawks (@Seahawks) January 24, 2021

Olsen played with Seattle last season in hopes of achieving what he was missing in his 14-year career: a Super Bowl title.

That didn’t go as planned. He caught 24 passes for 239 yards and one touchdown in 11 regular season games and was held at eight snaps in the Seattle wildcard loss to the Los Angeles Rams without a catch.

Olsen spent four weeks in an injured reserve with a torn plantar fascia – a foot injury he sustained in Carolina – then missed the Seahawks’ regular season finale after returning in Week 16.

After injuring his foot in Week 11, Olsen posted a picture of himself limping off the field and vowing that this was not how his NFL career would end.

Olsen posted the following message on social media after announcing his resignation:

“I would like to thank the countless team-mates, coaches and employees in Chicago, Seattle and especially in Carolina. They shaped me into the player and the person I am today. …

“I’m not trying to look back and I regret it. I’m so proud of my career. But when I look back on my career I have two. I regret that I never got to the top of the mountain. I regret that I walked away that Field under the weight of confetti, but the realization of our dream fell short. …

“Life doesn’t always go as planned, but it’s been a great ride.”

Olsen finished Carolina the all-time leader in receiving yards (6,463), receptions (524), and 100-yard receiving games (10) to a close finish. His 60 touchdown catches rank eighth among all NFL shortages.

Olsen was designed by the Chicago Bears with the University of Miami’s 31st Draft Pick in 2007 and sold to the Panthers in 2011.

Brady Henderson of ESPN contributed to this report.

Categories
Health

Biden and Congress are attempting to achieve an assist settlement

United States President Joe Biden speaks about his administration’s plans to respond to the economic crisis during a Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Response in the State Dining Room of the White House in Washington on January 22, 2021.

Jonathan Ernst | Reuters

President Joe Biden’s $ 1.9 trillion relief plan for coronavirus faces a daunting path to 60 Senate votes as centrist lawmakers signal support for a smaller package based on vaccine distribution.

White House officials called 16 Democratic and Republican senators on Sunday to discuss the relief plan, which includes funding to streamline vaccinations, $ 1,400 direct payments, a $ 400 weekly unemployment benefit, and state and local government assistance.

Post-meeting comments suggest that Biden could win bipartisan support for Covid-19 vaccine funds – but may not win Republican votes for many of his other proposals.

The call senators agreed that producing and distributing recordings was a top priority, said a person familiar with the discussions. However, a handful of Republican and Democratic senators left the meeting to question the price proposed by the Biden team, suggesting that the White House may need to reduce its ambitions to pass a bill with mutual support.

A Biden government seeking an early bipartisan victory faces a dilemma. With the Senate group committing to continuing their talks, the White House could opt to stand behind a smaller bipartisan bill if one develops. Otherwise, Democrats can translate at least some of their aid priorities into laws that could be passed by majority budget vote, which would only require democratic support in a 50:50 Senate.

Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer, DN.Y., has not ruled out the pandemic aid approval process being used.

“We hope our Republican friends see the need and work with us, but if not we will. There are other means we can use, including reconciliation, that will enable us to do this,” he said Reporters in New York on Sunday.

The urge for new relief comes as an average of more than 3,000 Americans lose their lives to the virus every day, and the Biden administration tries to push a sluggish vaccine rollout. Biden signed several executive orders in his first days in office to both contain the outbreak and mitigate an economic crisis that saw some 16 million people receive unemployment benefits earlier this month.

The US has given nearly 22 million doses of vaccine to date, and more than 3 million people have received both vaccinations, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Biden wants the US to fire 100 million shots in his first 100 days in office as the country seeks a level of immunity that allows governments to lift public health restrictions.

As the Senate seeks to confirm Biden’s cabinet candidates and prepares to begin impeachment proceedings against former President Donald Trump in two weeks, the Democratic-run house stands ready to take the lead on yet another auxiliary bill. House spokeswoman Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., Said Thursday that while the chamber is vacant this week, the committees will be working on a coronavirus relief bill “so we are ready to commit next month Floor to go “.

It is now unclear how much House Legislation will resemble Biden’s plan. Democratic leaders have also made vaccine distribution a priority.

Democrats can get a bill through the house without a Republican vote. However, the party cannot afford to have many failures from its ranks, as it has a slim majority of 221-211.

Many Democrats in Congress have been pushing for another major bailout bill to be passed as soon as possible. Senate Budgets Committee Chairman Bernie Sanders, I-Vt., Has urged his party to use the reconciliation to approve parts of Biden’s plan, including a minimum wage of $ 15 an hour.

The Senate poses a greater challenge to the Democrats than the House. Republicans have shown little interest in another major spending package after lawmakers passed a $ 900 billion relief plan last month.

Senator Angus King, a Maine independent negotiator who is negotiating with Democrats, told CNN on Sunday that the Senators had asked Biden officials for further explanations about how they chose to spend, including a total of $ 130 billion to help reopen schools safely.

“We also planned to meet probably no later than Tuesday to see if a non-partisan package can be put together. It won’t be easy,” said King. “And remember, we just passed one less package – about three weeks ago, so there’s a lot to do.”

The other Senator from Maine, Republican Susan Collins, also joined the call. Following the meeting, she told NBC News through a spokesman that it was “premature to consider a package this size and scope.”

She said she was backing more money for vaccine distribution, but argued that a bill should put more restrictions on those receiving the $ 1,400 direct payments. West Virginia Democratic Senator Joe Manchin has also claimed lawmakers need to better target another round of stimulus checks.

Ohio Senator Rob Portman, a Republican who announced Monday that he would not run for re-election, also urged Biden to roll back the plan.

“I hope the administration will work with us on a more focused approach focusing on things like vaccine distribution, testing and getting children back to school,” he said in a statement.

The Biden government has argued that the federal government is risking too little to stimulate the health system and economy. Brian Deese, director of the National Economic Council who chaired the meeting with senators, told reporters Friday that “we are in a precarious moment” when responding to the pandemic.

“What I can tell you is if we don’t act now we will be in a much worse place and we will have to do a lot more to dig out a much deeper hole,” he said.

After calling the senators, senior administrators told reporters that the meeting was “consistently constructive,” according to NBC News.

Subscribe to CNBC on YouTube.

Categories
Technology

Evening on the museum dropped at life with new blended actuality expertise

For millions of children, it is an extremely painful experience to be dragged into a museum that is more marked by standstill than living history – as in the film “Night in the Museum” with Ben Stiller.

That could change, however, with the development of a new mixed reality (MR) technology that could bring new forms of interactive storytelling to our museums – introducing holographic tour guides and immersive digital displays instead of finger-smeared glass cabinets and faded information boards.

As opposed to being fully immersed in virtual reality (VR) or the computer screen required for augmented reality (AR), MR uses a head-mounted glass display, similar to Google Glass glasses, that allows the user to see theirs real world Environment while virtual functions are superimposed, creating a sense of mixed perception.

To achieve this, MRI machines are equipped with sensors that are essential for tracking the user’s movement. MR machines are also equipped with cameras that recognize cues from the environment to support the seamless overlay of virtual features with the physical world. All of this is achieved through the projection of 3D graphics onto the glass display – a process that creates a hologram.

As a result, visitors to future MR-enabled museums could search for lost pirate gold, avoid booby traps, or wade through attacked by crocodiles Waters in search of informative clues. We tried to include some of these exciting features in our own experimental MR study at the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, in which guests dodged warring charioteers and looked for ancient relics.

Microsoft HoloLens hardware and the new “MuseumEye” software were used in our MR museum experiment in Cairo. Ancient Egypt was a wonderful time in human history that could be brought back to life with the help of technology – our images made them look more like “The Mummy” than “Night at the Museum”.

[Read: How this company leveraged AI to become the Netflix of Finland]

The mummy returns

In our experience with the MR Museum, holograms of King Tutankhamun and his wife Queen Ankhesenamun walk visitors through the museum, discussing how they used to live, and demonstrating how they would use some of the 120,000 tools and artifacts on display.

In order to make these ancient artifacts more accessible to visitors, we had to scan many of the exhibits in 3D so that they could be digitally rendered as manipulable 3D objects. Scanned antiques were then fed into a program called “Unity”, which we could use to map hand movements to tasks. For example, a pinch was coded as a command to shrink an artifact. The moving figures in the MR exhibition were modeled in the programs “zBrush” and “Autodesk Maya”. As a result of this extensive coding work, visitors were able to “pull objects off the shelf” and examine them in detail using hand gestures captured by the HoloLens.

Elsewhere, we’ve animated reenactments of ancient Egyptian warfare, with soldiers and chariots racing through exhibition rooms. We also offered guests the opportunity to become an archaeologist for the day and unlock the treasures hidden in the museum. By scoring points on the discoveries we made, we turned the museum learning process into a game – something that has been shown to improve the educational outcomes of museum visits.

Around 171 museum guests rated the MuseumEye application, with over 80% of those surveyed finding the MR experience a significant improvement in interactivity, entertainment, and educational value. And there are other advantages: In a separate study, we found more MR guides cost efficient as a human tour guide, with the added ability to bid Real time Information about the behavior of the guests and the overcrowding of the areas.

Holographic story

A number of other museums have started experimenting with MR. The National Holocaust Center and Museum used the HoloLens in their exhibition “Witnesses of the Child Transport”. Over in New York, the Intrepid, Air & Sea Museum hosted an MR installation called Defying Gravity: Women in Space. In Washington DC, the National Geographic Museum hosted “Becoming Jane” to introduce visitors to the life and work of chimpanzee researcher Dr. Jane Goodall immersed.

In addition to museums, MR is used for the HoloDentist project, with which prospective dentists can safely operate virtual patients. The .rooms project is using MR to support interior designers so that people can walk around and change the furniture and functions in their home.

Back to reality

With MR technology still in its infancy, the devices currently available to developers are both limited and expensive. For this reason, the Egyptian Museum is currently not using the MR developed by our team. A Microsoft HoloLens costs around $ 3,500 (£ 2,570), and large museums may need up to 300 headsets to conduct effective MR tours.

However, this technology seems poised for rapid growth. After Facebook’s Oculus Rift VR headsets failed to capture the public’s imagination, the company recently announced the release of its own brand of MR smart glasses, slated for later this year. In 2020, Nreal brought the U + Real Glass MR headset in Korea as a cost efficient Everyday use device with plans to expand sales in Japan and Europe in the coming years.

Our MuseumEye software demonstrated how MR technology can bring history to life and bring benefits to both museums and their guests. With the release of new, inexpensive MR hardware and the further development of the hologram software, we expect museums to work more closely with MR in the coming years and make “Night at the Museum” an everyday reality.

This article by Ramy Hammady, Lecturer in Computer Games at Solent University, and Carl Strathearn, Research Fellow, Computing at Edinburgh Napier University, is republished by The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

Read Next: Skyrim modders use AI to generate new spoken dialogue

Categories
Science

Weekly Local weather and Power Information Roundup #439 – Watts Up With That?

The Week That Was: 2021-01-23 (January 23, 2021)
Brought to You by SEPP (www.SEPP.org)
The Science and Environmental Policy Project

Quote of the Week: “A lie doesn’t become truth, wrong doesn’t become right, and evil doesn’t become good, just because it’s accepted by a majority.” – Booker T. Washington [H/t Art Robinson]

Number of the Week: – 6.3 times

THIS WEEK:

By Ken Haapala, President, Science and Environmental Policy Project (SEPP)

Logarithmic Relationship: A post in No Tricks Zone on earth’s climate being governed by the Sun led TWTW to search for a 1971 article on global cooling by S.I. Rasool and Stephen Schneider, then of NASA-GISS, now both deceased. Rasool was an atmospheric chemist who has written on the atmospheres of other planets as well as the earth. Stephen Schneider was a climatologist who was a lead author of the Third Assessment Report (TAR, 2001) of the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and a strong advocate for cutting greenhouse gas emissions. The abstract of the paper states:

“Effects on the global temperature of large increases in carbon dioxide and aerosol densities in the atmosphere of Earth have been computed. It is found that, although the addition of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere does increase the surface temperature, the rate of temperature increase diminishes with increasing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. For aerosols, however, the net effect of increase in density is to reduce the surface temperature of Earth. Because of the exponential dependence of the backscattering, the rate of temperature decrease is augmented with increasing aerosol content. An increase by only a factor of 4 in global aerosol background concentration may be sufficient to reduce the surface temperature by as much as 3.5 ° K. If sustained over a period of several years, such a temperature decrease over the whole globe is believed to be sufficient to trigger an ice age.” [Boldface added]

The paper made the headlines of the New York Times, the authors later backtracked on their claims in the paper stating they underestimated the warming effect of carbon dioxide (CO2) and overestimated the cooling effects of aerosols. Schneider also gave a famous interview with Discover magazine in which he said:

“On the one hand we are ethically bound to the scientific method, in effect promising to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but & which means that we must include all the doubts, caveats, ifs and buts. On the other hand, we are not just scientists, but human beings as well. And like most people, we’d like to see the world a better place, which in this context translates into our working to reduce the risk of potentially disastrous climate change. To do that we have to get some broad-based support, to capture the public’s imagination. That, of course, entails getting loads of media coverage. So, we have to offer up scary scenarios, make simplified, dramatic statements, and make little mention of any doubts we might have. This double ethical bind which we frequently find ourselves in cannot be solved by any formula. Each of us has to decide what the right balance is between being effective and being honest. I hope that means being both.”

Schneider’s views on abandoning the scientific method to be effective is a major problem in climate science and some other sciences today. That is one reason why policy makers and the public should discount the term “scientists say” as possibly meaningless. What is meaningful is the evidence.

The first quote shows that the authors and the editors of Science Mag realized that decades of laboratory experiments showed that the influence of carbon dioxide on the surface temperatures of the earth is logarithmic. This was in the early 1970s when the fear was that the earth was cooling. By 2001, the fear was that the globe was warming.

Page 6 of the “Summary for Policymakers” of the IPCC’s Third Assessment Report (TAR, 2001) shows that the recognized logarithmic relationship – the declining influence of CO2 with greater concentrations – has been replaced. It is now the inverse, an exponential relationship –increasing influence of CO2 with greater concentrations. No supporting physical evidence was offered. But discredited Mr. Mann’s hockey-stick was thrown in for good measure. The section is followed by the statement:

“Concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases and their radiative forcing have continued to increase as a result of human activities.”

The IPCC, Science Mag, NASA-GISS and other government science organizations conveniently eliminated past concerns of an oncoming ice age and continue to ignore contradicting evidence to assert the popular claim of the day. Is there any reason why the public should believe government scientists who assert dangerous global warming? Or the politicians who claim a climate emergency? See links under Problems in the Orthodoxy, https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WG1_TAR-FRONT.pdf and

https://wattsupwiththat.com/2019/04/11/the-person-who-set-the-stage-for-entire-deception-of-human-caused-global-warming-agw-stephen-schneider/ by Tim Ball

*******************

Radiation Transfer: As discussed in recent TWTWs, physicists such as William Happer, who specializes in Atomic, Molecular and Optical physics (AMO), which deals with the greenhouse effect, call the specific topic radiation transfer, not radiative forcing as the IPCC calls it. Also, the IPCC and its followers ignore the tremendous benefits of the greenhouse effect. Without it, the planet would not support complex life, perhaps except for geothermal vents. Certainly, land masses would be too cold at night to support plant life and animal life that depends on it.

This knowledge of the tremendous benefits of the greenhouse effect is ignored by those who claim carbon dioxide is causing dangerous warming, even though it was established around 1860 with experiments by John Tyndall who showed different greenhouse gases have different properties in absorbing radiant energy (heat). This was a landmark in the history of absorption spectroscopy of gases. Tyndall demonstrated and quantified that visually transparent gases absorb and emit infrared energy. If the goal of the IPCC and its followers is to show the warming effects of CO2, they are using the wrong field of physics.

The high-resolution transmission molecular absorption database (HITRAN) is a molecular spectroscopic database used to simulate and analyze the transmission and emission of light in gaseous media, with an emphasis on planetary atmospheres. Using the HITRAN database, Wijngaarden & Happer and Howard Hayden have shown the effectiveness of CO2 in blocking infrared transmission of energy transmission from the surface to space declines significantly even when CO2 concentration reaches about 100 parts per million (ppm) (a concentration below the IPCC-asserted “pre-industrial level” of 280 ppm).  Further, CO2 blocks only a rather narrow range of infrared energy. Organizations that ignore the rather narrow limits of CO2 blocking of infrared radiation are ignoring the scientific method and are not engaged in science, regardless of name.

Paul Homewood posted on his website, in two parts, a study by physicist David Coe who for the past 20 years has been developing a range of sensors for the monitoring of gaseous emissions to atmosphere using infra-red absorption spectroscopy. Coe uses the HITRAN database and concludes:

“CO2 levels of 3000ppm [parts per million, currently the CO2 level is about 410 ppm] will only raise temperatures by a further 1.5K. These temperature increases are in fact well within natural variations seen in the past, including the medieval warm period and the little ice age of some 300 years ago.

“The possibility of positive feedback from water vapour is discounted by the simple fact that the H2O spectrum is incapable of absorbing significant further amounts of radiated energy and the modest increase in temperature due to increasing CO2 levels is unable to deliver any significant increase in H2O concentration due to the specific relationship of H2O saturation vapour pressure and temperature. It would take an increase in temperature of 10 deg C to double the mean H2O atmospheric concentration, and that doubling would only result in a temperature increase of 2 deg C.”

“The ‘greenhouse effect’ is dominated by the absorption spectrum of H2O with a little help from CO2. At current concentrations of both gases, it is inconceivable that further increases in concentrations will lead to any significant warming. Increasing CO2 concentration to 3000ppm and doubling the mean H2O level to 2% would result in a global temperature increase of 3.4K.

“In short, there is no climate emergency, at least due to ‘greenhouse gases’.”

An addendum posted a week later deals with problems from using the concept of “equilibrium climate sensitivity.” Using this concept requires a large set of assumptions that may be refuted. A major issue is what happens if water vapor changes (the dominant greenhouse gas).

Coe presents numerous tables of calculations for concentrations of CO2 between 0 and 3000 ppm and concentrations of water vapor (H2O) ranging from 0% to 4% of the atmosphere. He added a number of calculations for climate sensitivity, not “equilibrium climate sensitivity.” Coe concludes:

“In producing these results no assumptions have been made about the mechanisms of heat transfer within the atmosphere, other than the fraction of absorbed outgoing IR radiation that remains with the earth/atmosphere lies between 0.4 and 0.6. Values outside this range result in unreasonable equilibrium earth temperatures.

“These results are totally at odds with the IPCC version of climate sensitivity ranging between 1.5 and 5deg C and suggest quite clearly that CO2 is not, repeat not, a significant driver of global warming and climate change.” [Boldface added]

In his Figure # 1 (not shown here) Coe plots the Atmospheric IR (infrared) Absorptivity change with CO2 concentrations changing from 0 to 3000 ppm and atmospheric water vapor at 0%, 0.1%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0% and 4.0%. As suggested in the Hayden paper using calculations from Wijngaarden & Happer, at concentrations of CO2 above 100 ppm the influence of CO2 on temperatures quickly flattens out. There is little change in influence going from 500 ppm to 1000 ppm or above. Those claiming “runaway warming” on earth have no basis for their speculation. See links under Challenging the Orthodoxy.

*******************

Climate Sensitivity: Fortunately, Coe added the addendum giving specific calculations for a range of CO2 and H2O values. Pursuing climate sensitivity by using models is like hitting a barn with an arrow then drawing a target around it. It is whatever the modeler seeks. As stated above, Schneider quickly adjusted his values for CO2 and aerosols depending on the direction the wind is blowing. Is it an ice age or global warming?

Last week TWTW discussed the Climate Change Information Brief by Christopher Essex: “Can Computer Models Predict Climate?” When discussing the current fad of “ensemble averaging” he writes:

“The average over these is presented as the future. It seems technical, but in terms of the future it is something like the difference between, ‘You will meet a tall handsome stranger,’ and ‘you may or may not meet an average person.’ Forecasts like that are difficult to falsify.

“The depth of difficulty of the scientific problem is obscured by the machinery inherited from the radiative-convective-model picture originating in the 60’s, which is peculiarly imposed on modern models. We imagine in accordance with radiative-convective model thinking that an integral over a temperature field (temperature index) is proportional to an integral over the radiation field (changes in infrared [absorbing] gas amounts). The constant of proportionality is known as the ‘climate sensitivity.’ Much effort has gone into determining its ‘correct’ value in the context of climate models. But such a relationship implies that these integrals can be related to each other in a function, which can ignore the underlying meteorology. That is, it is a claim of closure, and tantamount to a definition of climate. There is no reason to support this claim in Nature. If this function does not exist, neither does climate sensitivity, and the models that conform to this picture are falsified.” [Boldface added] See links under Challenging the Orthodoxy.

*******************

Bandwagon Science: Last week TWTW asked the question what to call the thousands of papers that seem scientific but have highly questionable assumptions that are not tested or ignore physical evidence that the researcher or supporting entity wishes to mask. Richard Courtney’s term Bandwagon Science appears appropriate. The bandwagon fallacy is a form of Argumentum ad populum, an appeal to a common belief or to the masses. For example, “97% of scientists believe….”

A great example appeared in “Science Advances” put out by Science Mag. The effort is to find examples in history where high levels of CO2 coincided with high temperatures to claim the CO2 was the cause of high temperatures. This one covered the Cenozoic Era which started about 66 million years ago after a great extinction wiped out three-quarters of the plant and animal species on Earth, the K–Pg extinction event.

Since the beginning of the Cenozoic Era, the earth experienced significant periods of warming and cooling and CO2 dropped significantly from about 3000 ppm to about 180 ppm during glaciation periods in the current Quaternary Period, an ice age starting about 2.6 million years ago.

Rather than presenting current observations of the greenhouse effect in the atmosphere, where it occurs, Science Mag is focused on speculating what the climate was like 66 million years ago when the Pakicetus, the probable ancestor of whales, such as the blue whale, walked on land on all fours. There is no way to realistically apply whatever value the research indicates for CO2 and temperatures to today’s earth. See links under Defending the Orthodoxy – Bandwagon Science

*******************

Urban Heat Island Effect: Writing in WUWT, Andy May brings attention to a new paper by Nicola Scafetta in Climate Dynamics, “Detection of non‐climatic biases in land surface temperature records by comparing climatic data and their model simulations.” The Urban Heat Island Effect (UHI) is largely discounted by the IPCC. Scafetta points out that from 1950 to 2020 the world’s population tripled, going from 2.5 billion to 7.5 billion, an increase of 5 billion. Given that surface measurement instruments are largely located near population centers, this increase has to have a significant impact on measurements, particularly in areas undergoing urbanization. The only temperature-measuring system that averages over the entire earth, giving no excess weight to urban areas is the satellite system.

Urbanization is a major issue in the developing world. Prior to his death Fred Singer was convinced that locating many instruments near airports was influencing the measurements because the land around airports was being developed, also resulting in an increase in UHI. See links under Measurement Issues — Surface

*******************

Change in Administrations: No doubt, some of those who joined the Trump Administration to foster an open debate on how increasing CO2 increases the greenhouse effect are frustrated by the experience. He appeared as erratic as wind power. The American public deserves an independent investigation of the strengths and limits to the claims that carbon dioxide is causing dangerous global warming. The Trump Administration was not willing to provide one. The Biden Administration probably won’t. The demand by some Senators to review the science used to justify the Paris Agreement is a positive step, but one that will likely fail.

Biden has made clear that he is rejoining the Paris Agreement. At this time, the terms are not clear. It is important to remember that the Paris Agreement is an executive agreement, not a treaty. According to Article II, Section 2 of the US Constitution:

“He [The President] shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur;”

In the US, a treaty has the force of law, an executive agreement does not. Obama danced around the issue of was it an agreement or a treaty? Yet, Obama made last minute changes assuring it was an agreement so he would not have to send it to the Senate for approval.

Given Biden’s climate team, no doubt they will pretend it is a treaty when it’s convenient for them. They will pretend they use the correct field of physics when they do not; they will pretend they use the correct databases to establish evidence of dangerous global warming when the databases do not; they will pretend that the models they use establish dangerous global warming when the models do not. They will pretend the resulting work is rigorous science when it is deficient speculation. It is questionable whether the team understands the difference between science and science fiction.

Given what has happened in the past, the finger pointing and personal attacks against those who dare stand up and demonstrate deficiencies in the claims of a climate crisis will only intensify, not diminish. But this has been part of the history of the US, and the schoolyard name-calling is minor when compared to what occurred in the effort to abolish slavery in some states and limit it in territories before the Civil War.

*******************

Number of the Week: 6.3 times. According to the calculations by David Coe, using the HITRAN data base that is well established and verified, an increase in atmospheric CO2 from current levels of about 410 ppm to 3000 ppm will increase temperatures by about 1.5 K (ºC), well within the range since the Little Ice Age. The increase in CO2 concentrations will be 6.3 times the current level. A warming of 1.5 K since 1880 is the latest number the UN and other organizations are claiming to be a climate crisis. To get to 3000 ppm, massive volcanoes will have to erupt, creating a real crisis. See links under Challenging the Orthodoxy and https://www.un.org/en/sections/issues-depth/climate-change/

NEWS YOU CAN USE:

Science: Is the Sun Rising?

Japanese Climate Scientist Kyoji Kimoto: “Climate Change Governed By The Sun”, CO2 Lesser Role!

By guest author Kyoji Kimoto, No Tricks Zone, Jan 22, 2021

[SEPP Comment: Does solar activity influence the jet stream? In periods of low solar activity causing large variation in the jet stream and in periods of high activity causing periods of small variation?]

Commentary: Is the Sun Rising?

Exploring the Solar Wind With A New View of Small Sun Structures

By Sarah Frazier, WUWT, Jan 19, 2021

Exploring the Solar Wind With A New View of Small Sun Structures

Censorship

Deus ex digital machina

By Charles Battig, CFACT, Jan 20, 2021

Deus ex digital machina

Challenging the Orthodoxy — NIPCC

Climate Change Reconsidered II: Physical Science

Idso, Carter, and Singer, Lead Authors/Editors, Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change (NIPCC), 2013

Summary: https://www.heartland.org/_template-assets/documents/CCR/CCR-II/Summary-for-Policymakers.pdf

Climate Change Reconsidered II: Biological Impacts

Idso, Idso, Carter, and Singer, Lead Authors/Editors, Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change (NIPCC), 2014

Summary: https://www.heartland.org/media-library/pdfs/CCR-IIb/Summary-for-Policymakers.pdf

Climate Change Reconsidered II: Fossil Fuels

By Multiple Authors, Bezdek, Idso, Legates, and Singer eds., Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change, April 2019

Download with no charge:

Why Scientists Disagree About Global Warming

The NIPCC Report on the Scientific Consensus

By Craig D. Idso, Robert M. Carter, and S. Fred Singer, Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change (NIPCC), Nov 23, 2015

Download with no charge:

https://www.heartland.org/policy-documents/why-scientists-disagree-about-global-warming

Nature, Not Human Activity, Rules the Climate

S. Fred Singer, Editor, NIPCC, 2008

Global Sea-Level Rise: An Evaluation of the Data

By Craig D. Idso, David Legates, and S. Fred Singer, Heartland Policy Brief, May 20, 2019

Challenging the Orthodoxy

The IR absorptive characteristics of “greenhouse” gases–David Coe

By Paul Homewood, Not a Lot of People Know That, Jan 17, 2021

Link to full paper: CO2 The Miracle Molecule

By David Coe, Physicist, Accessed Jan 22, 2021

The IR absorptive characteristics of “greenhouse” gases– Addendum -David Coe

By David Coe, Not a Lot of People Know That, Jan 22, 2021

Longwave Radiation & The Arctic

By Paul Homewood, Not a Lot of People Know That, Jan 20, 2021

[SEPP Comment: Comments on “Radiation Transfer” by William Happer of the Climate Change Information Briefs.]

Can Computer Models Predict Climate?

By Christopher Essex, Climate Change Information Brief, Accessed Jan 22, 2012

Proof Of Warmer Earlier Climate! Swiss Geologist Studies 10,800-Year Old Tree Trunk Under Alps Glacier

By P Gosselin, No Tricks Zone, Jan 17, 2021

[SEPP Comment: Will those who cry CO2-caused global warming ignore how it grew there?]

The Natural Warming Of The Global Oceans-Bob Tisdale

By Paul Homewood, Not a Lot of People Know That, Jan 17, 2021

“Worldwide sea surface temperature trends since 1980 show no correlation with GHGs

“Instead they exhibit a series of step changes up, which follow the major El Nino events of 1982/83, 1987/88 and 1997/98.”

Bob Tisdale – Part 2

By Paul Homewood, Not a Lot of People Know That, Jan 18, 2021

“It is of particular relevance from 8 minutes in, where Bob discusses why most historical ocean heat data is utterly worthless, and how even the ARGO data has been tampered with:”

Fake Invisible Catastrophes and Threats of Doom

If you read one book on climate change, let it be this one

By Christopher Monckton of Brenchley, WUWT, Jan 20, 2021

[SEPP Comment: Review of book authored by Patrick Moore.]

Measuring Old Corals & Coral Reefs (Part 2)

By Jennifer Marohasy, Her Blog, Jan 20, 2021

“I actually think that there are major problems with the methodology used by Professor Hughes to decide on the state of our coral reefs. I think it inappropriate to attempt to categorise the state of corals from such a high altitude, from more than 100 metres away. I think that the professor should be getting in, and under, the water.”

[SEPP Comment: Comparing what an alarmist sees from an airplane to what actually exists!]

Defending the Orthodoxy – Bandwagon Science

Climate and carbon cycle trends of the past 50 million years reconciled

Press Release by University of Hawaii at Manoa, Jan 22, 2021 [H/t Bernie Kepshire]

https://phys.org/news/2021-01-climate-carbon-trends-million-years.html

Link to paper: Reconciling atmospheric CO2, weathering, and calcite compensation depth across the Cenozoic

By Nemanja Komar* and Richard E. Zeebe, Science Advances, Jan 22, 2021

https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/7/4/eabd4876

Human activity behind nearly all warming: study

By Patrick Galley, Paris (AFP) Jan 18, 2021

https://www.terradaily.com/reports/Human_activity_behind_nearly_all_warming_study_999.html

“The researchers examined 13 different climate models to simulate expected temperature changes under three main scenarios: one in which just aerosol affected temperature, one where only natural forcings occurred, and another where greenhouse gas emissions are factored in.”

No link to paper

Scientists say (4)

By John Robson, Climate Discussion Nexus, Jan 20, 2021

Questioning the Orthodoxy

4 Weird Things About the Climate Summit

By Donna Laframboise, Big Picture News, Jan 20, 2021

“UN bureaucrats perch up there in the clouds, atop pedestals, insisting they know best. They have no skin in the game. When things turn to dust, they shrug their shoulders and hop over to the next job.

“Since they can never be held accountable for the damage they inflict, it will always be a bad idea to place our future in their hands.”

[SEPP Comment: Apparently, Global Center for Excellence on Adaptation was not an excellent idea. Now it is just the Global Center on Adaptation. But the bad ideas still remain.]

Trofim Lysenko Looks Down and Smiles

By Alistair Crooks, Quadrant Online, Jan 23, 2021

After Paris!

Biden’s Return to Paris Climate Blunders Will Benefit Beijing

By Larry Bell, Newsmax, Jan 19, 2021

Biden’s Return to Paris Climate Blunders Will Benefit Beijing | Newsmax.com

Republicans call for Senate review before U.S. re-enters Paris climate deal

By Valerie Volcovici, Reuters, Jan 20, 2021

https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-biden-climate-republicans-idUSKBN29P2WF

Change in US Administrations

Here Are All the Climate Actions Biden Took on Day One

As expected, the President signed executive orders to rejoin the Paris climate agreement and review Trump-era rollbacks

By Jean Chemnick, E&E News, Via Scientific American, Jan 21, 2021

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/here-are-all-the-climate-actions-biden-took-on-day-one/

Biden’s Climate Team: ‘Systemic Racism’ Is To Blame For Climate Change

By Ashe Schow, The Daily Wire, Jan 18, 2021 [H/t Bernie Kepshire]

https://www.dailywire.com/news/bidens-climate-team-systemic-racism-is-to-blame-for-climate-change?itm_source=parsely-api?utm_source=cnemail&utm_medium=email&utm_content=011821-news&utm_campaign=position6

[SEPP Comment: Systemic – complete? If you believe climate has been stable for billions of years, you can believe anything.]

Trump Administration Accomplishments (Part I: ‘American Energy Independence’)

By Robert Bradley Jr. Master Resource, Jan 19, 2021

Trump Administration Accomplishments (Part II: ‘Massive Deregulation’)

By Robert Bradley Jr. Master Resource, Jan 20, 2021

Social Benefits of Carbon Dioxide

Another New Study Says Warming And CO2-Induced Greening Leads To COOLING Of Land Surface Temperatures

By Kenneth Richard, No Tricks Zone, Jan 21, 2021

Link to latest study: Predominant regional biophysical cooling from recent land cover changes in Europe

By Bo Huang, Nature Communications, Feb 26, 2020

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-14890-0

Problems in the Orthodoxy

Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and Aerosols: Effects of Large Increases on Global Climate

By S. I. Rasool, S. H. Schneider, Science, July 9, 1971

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/173/3992/138

China’s 2020 coal output rises to highest since 2015, undermining climate pledges

By Muyu Xu and Shivani Singh, Reuters, Jan 17, 2021

https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/chinas-2020-coal-output-rises-to-highest-since-2015-undermining-climate-pledges-2021-01-17

[SEPP Comment: One must understand the pledge: If the west succeeds in replacing fossil fuels without severely damaging its economy, China pledged to follow. It the west fails, then the west must try harder.]

Climate regulation threatens competitiveness of German auto industry – Deutsche Bank

By Charlotte Nijhuis, Clean Energy Wire, Jan 19, 2021 [H/t GWPF]

https://www.cleanenergywire.org/news/climate-regulation-threatens-competitiveness-german-auto-industry-deutsche-bank

Climate could pay the price as Europe’s nuclear plants age

By Nina Chestney, Susanna Twidale, Reuters, Dec 21, 2020 [H/t GWPF]

https://www.reuters.com/article/us-europe-nuclearpower-analysis-idUSKBN28V26D

Seeking a Common Ground

Committed warming and the pattern effect

By Nic Lewis, Climate Etc. Jan 19, 2021

Global Disasters: A Remarkable Story of Science and Policy Success

Believe it or Not, Disaster Trends are Moving in a Positive Direction

By Roger Pielke Jr., The Honest Broker, Jan 14, 2021

https://rogerpielkejr.substack.com/p/global-disasters-a-remarkable-story

Can We Save the Planet, Live Comfortably, and Have Children Too?

By Joel Kotkin & Wendell Cox, Real Clear Energy, Jan 19, 2021

https://www.realclearenergy.org/articles/2021/01/19/can_we_save_the_planet_live_comfortably_and_have_children_too_656954.html

Science, Policy, and Evidence

[UK] Government ordered to release Net Zero cost calculations

Press Release by Staff, GWPF, Jan 21, 2021

“This is a major embarrassment for the Treasury. It appears that it cobbled together a few numbers on the back of an envelope, and simply emailed them off to the Prime Minister without a blush. After Parliament’s decision to adopt the Net Zero target without any meaningful scrutiny, and without consideration of the economic and engineering implications, it is becoming clear that the whole project is misgovernance on a historic scale.”

The World Needs a Real Investigation Into the Origins of Covid-19

A team of WHO researchers has arrived in China but won’t investigate the possibility that the coronavirus originated in a lab.

By Matt Ridley, Rational Optimist, Jan 16, 2021

http://www.rationaloptimist.com/blog/a-real-investigation-into-the-origins-of-covid/

“As a scientist and a science writer, we believe that both natural and lab-based scenarios of Covid-19’s origins must be rigorously investigated, not only to avert future pandemics but for the sake of science’s reputation. The formal investigation launched by WHO is only taking steps to look into natural origins. That needs to change.”

Review of Recent Scientific Articles by CO2 Science

1,000 Years of Treeline Change in Northwest Finnish Lapland

Helama, S., Kuoppamaa, M. and Sutinen, R. 2020. Subaerially preserved remains of pine stemwood as indicators of late Holocene timberline fluctuations in Fennoscandia, with comparisons of tree-ring and 14C dated depositional histories of subfossil trees from dry and wet sites. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 278: 104223. Jan 22, 2022

http://www.co2science.org/articles/V24/jan/a9.php

Recent Trends in Snow Cover Area in the Chitral River Basin of Pakistan

Ahmad, S., Israr, M., Liu, S., Hayat, H., Gul, J., Wajid, S., Ashraf, M., Baig, S.U. and Tahir, A.A. 2020. Spatio-temporal trends in snow extent and their linkage to hydro-climatological and topographical factors in the Chitral River Basin (Hindukush, Pakistan). Geocarto International 35: 711-734. Jan 20, 2021

http://www.co2science.org/articles/V24/jan/a8.php

Models v. Observations

Failing Computer Models

By Paul Homewood, Not a Lot of People Know That, Jan 21, 2021

Link to report: Climate Analysis

By Staff, Remote Sensing System, Updated June 30, 2017

http://www.remss.com/research/climate/#:~:text=The%20RSS%20merged%20lower%20stratospheric%20temperature%20data%20product,in%20well-mixed%20greenhouse%20gases%20causes%20by%20human%20activity.

Canada is Warming at Only 1/2 the Rate of Climate Model Simulations

By Roy Spencer, His Blog, Jan 21, 2021

Model Issues

Improving long-term climate calculations

News Report by University of Copenhagen, Jan 19, 2021 [H/t Bernie Kepshire]

https://phys.org/news/2021-01-long-term-climate.html

Link to paper: Multivariate Estimations of Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity From Short Transient Warming Simulations

By Robbin Bastiaansen, Henk A. Dijkstra & Anna S. von der Heydt, Geophysical Research Letters, Dec 11, 2020

https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2020GL091090

[SEPP Comment: The academic pursuit of identifying equilibrium climate sensitivity by using climate modes is a pursuit of a myth.]

Measurement Issues — Surface

A New Look at the Urban Heat Island Effect

By Andy May, WUWT, Jan 22, 2021

A New Look at the Urban Heat Island Effect

Link to paper: Detection of non‐climatic biases in land surface temperature records by comparing climatic data and their model simulations

By Nicola Scafetta, Climate Dynamics, Jan 17, 2021

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00382-021-05626-x

2020, climate statistics and all that

There has been no significant warming trend for 5 years. [Surface]

By David Whitehouse, GWPF, Jan 15, 2021

Changing Weather

The Stratosphere Has Warmed Profoundly This Month. What are the Implications?

By Cliff Mass, Weather Blog, Jan 17, 2021

https://cliffmass.blogspot.com/2021/01/the-stratosphere-has-warmed-profoundly.html

Late rainy season reliably predicts drought in regions prone to food insecurity

New indicator could help mitigate food insecurity in Sub-Saharan Africa

Research News by PLOS, Jan 20, 2021 [H/t WUWT]

https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2021-01/p-lrs011321.php

Link to paper: A slow rainy season onset is a reliable harbinger of drought in most food insecure regions in Sub-Saharan Africa

By Shraddhanand Shukla, et al. Plos One, Jan 20, 2021

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0242883

[SEPP Comment: Strongly question opening clause: “Since 2015, Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has experienced an unprecedented rise in acute food insecurity (AFI),…” Compared to what?]

Sea Ice Slows Ships In North China Ports

By Muyu Xu and Chen Aizhu, Reuters, Jan 12, 2021 [H/t WUWT]

Changing Climate

UCI researchers: Climate change will alter the position of the Earth’s tropical rain belt

Difference by the year 2100 expected to impact global biodiversity, food security

News Release, UCI (University of California, Ivine), Jan 19, 2021 [H/t WUWT]

[SEPP Comment: If climate change is human caused, what caused past changes in the tropical rain belt [Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)]?]

148 papers for high sticking

By John Robson, Climate Discussion Nexus, Jan 20, 2021

Changing Seas

New Study: Coral Bleaching ‘Repeatedly Occurred’ Throughout The Warmer-Than-Today Mid-Holocene

By Kenneth Richard, No Tricks Zone, Jan 18, 2021

Link to paper; New evidence for the periodic bleaching and recovery of Porites corals during the mid-late Holocene in the northern South China Sea

By Hao Wang, et al. Global and Planetary Change, February 2121

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0921818120302885

[SEPP Comment: More zombie corals that came back from the death by sea surface temperatures and sea surface salinity?]

A picture is worth a thousand equations

By John Robson, Climate Discussion Nexus, Jan 20, 2021

“Any suitably trained non-fool can write equations that ‘predict’ the warming after 1980 and pin it on CO2. But they cannot write equations that also predict the cooling from 1940 to 1980 and pin it on CO2 or, crucially, predict the warming from 1900 to 1940 and pin it on CO2.”

Changing Cryosphere – Land / Sea Ice

Arctic Cool Off: Canada, Greenland And Iceland Have Seen Almost No Warming So Far This Century

By Kirye and Pierre Gosselin, No Tricks Zone, Jan 20, 2021

Greenland Ice Mass Loss Below Average In 2020

By Paul Homewood, Not a Lot of People Know That, Jan 18, 2021

“What is evident is that there has been no acceleration in melt since the start of records in 2002. This runs counter to the alarmist message commonly perpetuated, for instance the ever reliable BBC!”

Antarctica: The ocean cools at the surface but warms up at depth

By CNRS, Phys.org, Jan 21, 2021 [H/t Bernie Kepshie]

https://phys.org/news/2021-01-antarctica-ocean-cools-surface-depth.html

Link to paper: Southern Ocean in-situ temperature trends over 25 years emerge from interannual variability

By Matthis Auger, et al. Nature Communications, Jan 21, 2021

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-20781-1

“The study points to major changes around the polar ice cap where temperatures are increasing by 0.04°C per decade, which could have serious consequences for Antarctic ice.”

“This is the longest series of temperature records in the Southern Ocean covering north to south.”

[SEPP Comment: Very spotty data taken to a depth of 800 meters. 0.04°C per decade is within the range of error in measurement.]

Acidic Waters

Acidification impedes shell development of plankton off the US West Coast

News Release by NOAA Headquarters, Jan 19, 2021 [H/t WUWT]

https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2021-01/nh-ais011921.php

Link to paper: Pteropods make thinner shells in the upwelling region of the California Current Ecosystem

By Lisette Mekkes, et al. Nature, Jan 18, 2021

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-81131-9

From the abstract: ‘Depth-averaged pH ranged from 8.03 in warmer offshore waters to 7.77 in cold CO2-rich waters nearshore.   We thus infer that pteropods make thinner shells where upwelling brings more acidified and colder waters to the surface.”

[SEPP Comment: Note that the pH shows the solution remains alkaline. Could colder waters be the reason for the thinning shells?]

Lowering Standards

Have Your Say About The BBC!

By Paul Homewood, Not a Lot of People Know That, Jan 20, 2021

“They’ll probably ignore it, but at least it’s a chance to get it off your chest and let them know how you really feel!!”

Communicating Better to the Public – Make things up.

Study: Global Warming will Impact Children’s Nutrition

By Eric Worrall, WUWT, Jan 20, 2020

Study: Global Warming will Impact Children’s Nutrition

Link to study: Climate impacts associated with reduced diet diversity in children across nineteen countries

By Meredith T Niles, et al. Environmental Research Letters, Jan 14, 2021

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/abd0ab

Warming pandemic

By John Robson, Climate Discussion Nexus, Jan 20, 2021

[SEPP Comment: Addressing claims such as Anthony Fauci’s “We have entered a pandemic era.”]

Communicating Better to the Public – Use Propaganda

As oceans warm, large fish struggle

News Release by McGill University, Jan 21, 2021 [H/t Bernie Kepshire]

https://phys.org/news/2021-01-oceans-large-fish-struggle.html

Link to paper: Oxygen limitation may affect the temperature and size dependence of metabolism in aquatic ectotherms

By Juan G. Rubalcaba, PNAS, Nov 30, 2021

https://www.pnas.org/content/117/50/31963

[SEPP Comment: The giant (15 to 18 meter) Megalodon did not exist during the Miocene, a warm Epoch prior to the current ice age?]

Expanding the Orthodoxy

Climate Activists Target ESG [Environmental, social and governance criteria]

By Donn Dears, Power For USA, Jan 22, 2021

“No matter how noble the original concept, it has morphed into a tool to force Americans into making only those investments that radical environmentalists and governments deem appropriate.”

Fighting climate crisis made harder by Covid-19 inequality, says WEF

Environmental issues are biggest danger in coming years, says international organization

By Larry Elliott, The Guardian, Jan 19, 2021 [H/t Bernie Kepshire]

https://www.theguardian.com/business/2021/jan/19/climate-crisis-covid-19-inequality-wef

Questioning European Green

An ill wind for hard-up electricity users

By Andrew Montford, The Conservative Woman, Jan 15, 2021

“On Thursday, with wind speeds even lower, prices for balancing during the evening peak shot up again, reaching £1,400. By Friday’s peak, that figure had risen to a record-breaking £4,000.”

8 January 2021: Europe just skirted blackout disaster

By Henrik Paulitz, Kalte Sonne, Trans Via GWPF, Jan 17, 2021

A cold time in the old house tonight

By John Robson, Climate Discussion Nexus, Jan 20, 2021

Questioning Green Elsewhere

Climate Action Paradox

By Donn Dears, Power For USA, Jan 19, 2021

[SEPP Comment: Europe’s neo-colonialism.]

Fossil fuels to dominate Africa’s energy mix this decade – report

By Paul Homewood, Not a Lot of People Know That, Jan 19, 2021

Non-Green Jobs

Canadian firm cuts 1,000 jobs after Biden revokes Keystone XL permit

By Rachel Frazin, The Hill, Jan 21, 2021

https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/535273-canadian-firm-cuts-1000-jobs-after-biden-revokes-keystone-xl-permit

Vauxhall plant at risk after ‘brutal’ 2030 ban, says Stellantis boss

Chief executive of newly formed carmaker warns future of UK production depends on government

By Jasper Jolly, The Guardian, Jan 19, 2021 [H/t GWPF]

https://www.theguardian.com/business/2021/jan/19/vauxhall-plant-at-risk-after-brutal-2030-ban-says-stellantis-boss-carlos-tavares

Litigation Issues

Legal bid to stop UK building Europe’s biggest gas power plant fails

Plan has been approved despite environmental objections and criticism over climate leadership

By Damian Carrington, The Guardian, Jan 21, 2021 [H/t GWPF]

https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/jan/21/climate-crisis-uk-legal-bid-stop-biggest-gas-power-station-europe-fails

Cap-and-Trade and Carbon Taxes

EU sees carbon border levy as ‘matter of survival’ for Europe’s industry

By Staff, EurActiv & Reuters, Via GWPF, Jan 19, 2021

Subsidies and Mandates Forever

Wind Power’s PTC: Chapter 14 (13th extension)

By Robert Bradley Jr. Master Resource, Jan 21, 2021

[SEPP Comment: The infant industry is 28 years old and still needs to be subsidy fed.]

Energy Issues – Non-US

Last-Ditch Effort: Germany Weighs Electricity Rationing Scheme To Stabilize Its Now Shaky Green Power Grid

By P Gosselin, No Tricks Zone, Jan 19, 2021

Energy Issues — US

The Power Grids Are Not Ok

By Conor Bernstein, Real Clear Energy, Jan 19, 2021

https://www.realclearenergy.org/articles/2021/01/19/the_power_grids_are_not_ok_657067.html

The Power Purchase Agreement in Transition

By Editors, Power Mag. Jan 4, 2021

Washington’s Control of Energy

Biden’s Attack on the Keystone XL Pipeline Is Politics, Not Policy

By Steve Milloy, Inside Sources, Jan 19, 2021

Biden’s Attack on the Keystone XL Pipeline Is Politics, Not Policy – InsideSources

Biden Promises Science Will Guide Him. So Why Is He Canceling the Keystone XL Pipeline?

By Bryan Preston, PJ Media, Jan 18, 2021 [H/t Bernie Kepshire]

https://pjmedia.com/news-and-politics/bryan-preston/2021/01/18/biden-promises-science-will-guide-him-so-why-is-he-canceling-the-keystone-xl-pipeline-n1394574

Biden’s Interior Department temporarily blocks new drilling on public lands

By Rebecca Beitsch, The Hill, Jan 21, 2021

https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/535224-bidens-interior-dept-temporary-blocks-drilling-on-public-lands

Biden To Cut Off His Nose To Spite His Face

By Paul Homewood, Not a Lot of People Know That, Jan 20, 2021

Return of King Coal?

Coal Powers China

By Viv Forbes, The Australian Climate Sceptics Blog, Jan 19, 2021

http://theclimatescepticsparty.blogspot.com/2021/01/coal-powers-china.html

Nuclear Energy and Fears

The Nuclear Energy Advancements Of The Past Four Years Will Blow Your Mind

Fission energy can change America’s power for the better — and we’re finally seeing progress in revitalizing the field across the country.

By Jonah Gottschalk, The Federalist, Jan 15, 2021

https://thefederalist.com/2021/01/15/the-nuclear-energy-advancements-of-the-past-four-years-will-blow-your-mind/

Alternative, Green (“Clean”) Solar and Wind

Rare earths first? Or last?

By Duggan Flanakin, WUWT, Jan 22, 2021

Will 2021 be the year offshore wind power finally takes off?

An administration ready to tackle climate change may help—but it’s the years of planning that could really pay off

By Tara Lohan, The Revelator, Jan 13, 2021

[SEPP Comment: As usual, no mention that wind power is unreliable, and cost-effective storage is needed.]

Alternative, Green (“Clean”) Energy — Other

John Constable: Why Europe’s ‘Green’ Hydrogen Hype Is Likely To Flop

By John Constable, GWPF, July 8, 2020

Link to report: Hydrogen: The Once And Future Fuel (pdf)

By John Constable, GWPF, June 2020

[SEPP Comment: Discusses the difficulty and costs in producing, storing, and distributing hydrogen.]

‘Carbon-neutrality is a fairy tale’: how the race for renewables is burning Europe’s forests

Wood pellets are sold as a clean alternative to coal. But is the subsidised bioenergy boom accelerating the climate crisis?

By Hazel Sheffield, The Guardian, Jan 14, 2021

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jan/14/carbon-neutrality-is-a-fairy-tale-how-the-race-for-renewables-is-burning-europes-forests

Alternative, Green (“Clean”) Vehicles

Inexpensive battery charges rapidly for electric vehicles, reduces range anxiety

News Release, by Pennsylvania State University, Jan 18, 2021 [H/t Bernie Kepshire]

https://techxplore.com/news/2021-01-inexpensive-battery-rapidly-electric-vehicles.html

Link to paper: Thermally modulated lithium iron phosphate batteries for mass-market electric vehicles

By Xiao-Guang Yang, Teng Liu & Chao-Yang Wang, Nature Energy, Jan 18, 2021

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-020-00757-7

Carbon Schemes

Claim: Carbon Capture Vital to Meeting Climate Goals

By Eric Worrall, WUWT, Jan 18, 2021

California Dreaming

California secretly struggles with renewables

By David Wojick, CFACT, Jan 16, 2021

California secretly struggles with renewables | CFACT

Health, Energy, and Climate

Coronavirus vaccines wouldn’t be possible without oil and gas

By Kevin Mooney, Washington Examiner, Jan 18, 2021

https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/the-covid-19-vaccination-campaign-would-not-be-possible-without-oil-and-gas

Oh Mann!

It’s a plot

By John Robson, Climate Discussion Nexus, Jan 20, 2021

“Thus in his new book, Michael Mann sneers that the forces of climate darkness have found a new plan. ‘The plutocrats who are tied to the fossil fuel industry’, he tells an interviewer, have adopted strategies perfected by the tobacco and gun lobbies. Then in the actual book ‘Malice, hatred, jealousy, fear, rage, bigotry, all of the most base, reptilian brain impulses — corporate polluters and their allies have waged a campaign to tap into all of that’, he raves about these lizard people. ‘The enemy is also employing PSYOP in its war on climate action… the forces of denial and delay are using our fear and anxiety against us so we remain like deer in the headlights… the most immoral act in the history of human civilization: not just a crime against humanity, but a crime against our planet.’”

[SEPP Comment: Is this considered refined, factual discourse at Penn State University?]

Environmental Industry

Kittiwake extinction risk and the death of Environmentalism

By John Constable, GWPF, Jan 19, 2021

[SEPP Comment; To the environmentalists, what is a few birds compared with saving the planet. There is more money to be made in saving the planet.]

Other Scientific News

Climate extinction theory faces extinction: Woolly mammoths may have lived thousands of years after supposed extinction

By Staff, GWPF & Scientific American, Jan 19, 2021

Other News that May Be of Interest

Biden Admin Deletes ‘1776 Commission’ from White House Website Immediately After Inauguration

By Alana Mastrangelo, Breitbart, Jan 20, 2021

https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2021/01/20/president-trumps-1776-commission-removed-from-white-house-website/?utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_term=daily&utm_campaign=20210120

[SEPP Comment: It is now improper for anyone in Washington to question the false claim that slavery provided the economic strength of the US? The economic power of the slave states won the Civil War?]

It’s Fake News That the 1776 Commission Report Whitewashes America’s Past

By Victor Davis Hanson, The Daily Signal, Jan 21, 2021

1776 Commission Report Doesn’t Whitewash America’s Past (dailysignal.com)

BELOW THE BOTTOM LINE

Greenpeace Blame Cold Weather On Global Warming!!

By Paul Homewood, Not a Lot of People Know That, Jan 19, 2021

“You could not make it up – but Greenpeace can!!”

Latest Climate Change Solution: Direct Air Capture Powered by Geothermal Energy

By Eric Worrall, WUWT, Jan 22, 2021

Latest Climate Change Solution: Direct Air Capture Powered by Geothermal Energy

NASA data reveals the truth about Covid-19’s effect on climate change

“This is the warmest decade in the historical record without any question whatsoever.”

By Passant Rabie, Inverse, Accessed Jan 19, 2021 [H/t Bernie Kepshire]

https://www.inverse.com/science/nasa-data-reveal-covid-effect-on-climate

[SEPP Comment: Funny headline, Covid influences climate change.]

Using 100-million-year-old fossils and gravitational-wave science to predict Earth’s future climate

Press Release by ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery, Jan 19, 2021 [H/t Bernie Kepshire]

https://phys.org/news/2021-01-million-year-old-fossils-gravitational-wave-science-earth.html

Link to paper: OPTiMAL: a new machine learning approach for GDGT-based palaeothermometry

By Tom Dunkley Jones, et al. Climate of the Past, Dec 23, 2020

https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/16/2599/2020/

ARTICLES

Trump and the Failure of the Expert Class

They were right about his character, but his defects were obvious to almost everyone. They were wrong about virtually all else.

By Barton Swaim, WSJ, Jan 22, 2021

Trump and the Failure of the Expert Class – WSJ

TWTW Summary: The editorial page writer begins:

“The Trump years had something for almost everyone. Progressives had the satisfaction of righteousness and a justification for daily outrage. What they didn’t have were policy victories, although they might have had a few if they could have refrained, even for a few days, from treating the president as illegitimate. For conservatives, the case was exactly reversed: They had some major policy wins, but at the cost of frequent embarrassment and dismay at the president’s offensive behavior and self-defeating logorrhea.

“The worst of his conduct took place after the 2020 election and seemed to fulfill progressive commentators’ allegation that Donald Trump was carrying out an “assault on democracy.” Mr. Trump’s refusal to accept defeat, culminating in demands that Vice President Mike Pence overturn a lawful election on no legal authority, occasioned a debacle that may haunt the Republican Party, and the country, for years.

“Even so, the most salient theme of the past five years was not any challenge to democracy. The great theme of the Trump years, the one historians will note a century from now, was the failure of America’s expert class. The people who were supposed to know what they were talking about, didn’t.

“The failure began with the country’s top consultants and pollsters. Candidate Trump did almost everything lavishly paid political consultants would have told him, and did tell him, not to do—and he won. The most respected pollsters, meanwhile, predicted a landslide for Hillary Clinton. America’s best and brightest political adepts turned out to know very little about the elections they claim to understand.

“Also during the 2016 campaign, an assemblage of top-tier academics, intellectuals and journalists warned that Mr. Trump’s candidacy signified a fascist threat. Timothy Snyder, a historian of Nazism at Yale, was among the most strident of these prophets. ‘Be calm when the unthinkable arrives,’ he warned in a Facebook post shortly after the election. ‘When the terrorist attack comes, remember that all authorities at all times either await or plan such events in order to consolidate power. Think of the Reichstag fire.’ Many experts stuck with the fascism theme after Mr. Trump’s election and throughout his presidency. That these cultured authorities couldn’t tell the difference between a populist protest against elite contempt and a coup carried out by powerful ideologues will go down as one of the great fiascoes of American intellectual history.

“The fascism charge was only the most acute form of the claim that Mr. Trump was carrying out an ‘assault on democracy.’ Some semantic clarification is in order here. When intellectuals and journalists of the left use the word ‘democracy,’ they typically are not referring to elections and decision-making by popularly elected officials. For the left, ‘democracy’ is another word for progressive policy aims, especially the widening of special political rights and welfare-state provisions to new constituencies. By that definition any Republican president is carrying out an ‘assault on democracy.’

“Mr. Trump assaulted democracy in the ordinary sense of the word, but he did so only after the 2020 election. That effort was discreditable and disruptive, but it was also delusional and ineffective. It was not the assault the president’s expert-class critics had foreseen.

“Perhaps those critics failed to understand Mr. Trump’s assault on democracy because they had carried out a similar sort of assault in 2016-18, with the support of the federal bureaucracy and the nation’s political and cultural elite. I’m referring to the Russia scare: the belief that Mr. “Trump won only because his campaign ‘colluded’ with agents of Moscow, and that his election in 2016 was therefore illegitimate. The theory made sense only if you couldn’t grasp the obvious reasons for Mr. Trump’s victory, namely that Hillary Clinton was a terrible candidate and that Obama-era progressivism had become sufficiently unpopular in the Midwest to throw the election to the nationalist candidate. Somehow it was easier for smart and accomplished people to believe that a TV celebrity and political neophyte with attention-deficit issues had entered into a diabolically ingenious pact with a foreign dictator in which the dictator helped him pick up just enough votes in the states he needed to win.

“It took a 22-month investigation by a special counsel to establish an absence of evidence that Mr. Trump’s campaign had conspired with the Russians. America’s best minds and most influential leaders had spent more than two years obsessing over an idiotic conspiracy theory.

This spectacular failure of the expert class would have been impossible without the willing support of a credulous news media. That Mr. Trump won the presidency largely by denouncing the media should have suggested to leading journalists and media executives that something in their industry had gone badly wrong. Instead most of them took his rise as license to indulge their worst instincts.

“Reporters treated every turn of events as evidence of Mr. Trump’s unique evil. They regarded every preposterous accusation put forward by his political foes as reasonable and likely true.”

After giving examples that news organization asserted “facts” without evidence the editorial writer continues:

“America’s foreign-policy elite didn’t perform appreciably better. For decades, they had insisted that peace between Israel and the Arab world was impossible without a long-term solution to the Israel-Palestinian problem. It was an axiom, no longer up for debate. Mr. Trump followed through on a promise long made but not kept by the U.S. government to recognize Jerusalem as the capital of Israel. Foreign-policy experts the world over predicted hellish payback from the Arab world, but the recognition went forward, the U.S. Embassy moved, and the payback consisted of a day’s worth of inconsequential protests.’

After additional examples of successful establishing of diplomatic relationships between Israel and the Arab word the editorial writers continues:

“Then there are the public-health experts. We are still in the middle of the coronavirus pandemic, so it is difficult to write about it with the perspective it demands. Yet political talking points aside, this much is apparent: No nation—or anyhow no nation that values individual liberty and isn’t an island—has managed even to slow the spread of Covid-19 without causing economic ruin and attendant disorder.

“The Trump administration made its share of mistakes during the early stages of the pandemic, although its chief failing was the president’s lack of rhetorical clarity. But the outstanding failure of the 2020 pandemic was the experts’ belief that the only sensible response involved sustained closures of businesses and schools. By any set of criteria outside the self-contained system of public-health best practices, the lockdowns failed. They purchased minor slowdowns in the spread of the virus at the cost of punishing economic destruction, untold social dysfunction, and mind-blowing public debt.’

“You get the sense that even proponents of the lockdown orthodoxy secretly recognize their folly when they advance the post facto argument that many more people would have died and the hospital system would have collapsed if we hadn’t shut down the economy. Upending this conveniently self-exculpatory claim is the fact that many parts of the country didn’t lock down, or did so only loosely and briefly, and managed to keep their hospitals running just fine.

“Controlling the spread of Covid-19 in the U.S. was always going to be a messy business: Many infected people don’t get sick and have no compelling reason to burrow in their homes, and America is an unruly nation with a long tradition of nonconformity. The experts might have accounted for these realities. They might have realized that the measures prescribed by their textbooks—contact tracing, forced quarantines, shelter-in-place orders—were mostly unworkable in America. They didn’t. Large parts of the country shut down on their advice, and the economy went into a needless recession.

“Once again, the people paid to know what they were talking about, didn’t. Mr. Trump’s aggressive gaucheries made the experts feel they couldn’t be wrong so long as they were against him. A policy maven or an academic historian or an experienced political consultant couldn’t help judging himself favorably against a Queens real-estate mogul who spoke in five-word sentences. And yet very often the mogul was right and the experts were wrong.

“In the wake of the Jan. 6 siege at the Capitol, members of the expert class are busy congratulating themselves for being right about Mr. Trump all along. He really was the would-be autocrat they always said he was! But the important question was not Mr. Trump’s true nature or innermost designs but whether America’s democratic institutions, especially the courts and Congress, were prepared, if required, to rebuff his designs. Of course they were. If this was an attempted coup, it was a comically inept one. Hardly anyone in Mr. Trump’s own administration, including the vice president, wanted anything to do with it. 

“Mr. Trump’s character deficiencies were always obvious, even to many of his supporters. Other questions required judiciousness to answer, and about them the expert class had almost nothing useful to say, so fixated were they on the president’s unworthiness.

“The most regrettable part of this class failure is that, with rare exceptions, the experts themselves acknowledge no error. Nothing about the Trump years has occasioned soul-searching or self-criticism on their part. But today’s experts will eventually retire and pass from the scene. A newer, fresher generation of pollsters, academics, think-tank scholars and journalists will care more about the truth than they do about aligning with today’s consensus. They will feel no need to disguise their ignorance by signaling hatred of Donald Trump. And they will not fail to note that their most accomplished and revered forerunners were, at crucial moments, idiots.” [Boldface added.]

Like this:

Like Loading…

Categories
Technology

Engineers have constructed machines to take away CO2 from the air – and it might cease local weather change

On Wednesday of this week, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere was measured at 415 ppm. The level is the highest in human history and is growing every year.

With all the focus on emissions reduction, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) says it will not be enough to avoid dangerous levels of global warming. The world must actively remove the historical CO₂ already in the atmosphere – a process that is often referred to as “negative emissions”.

The CO₂ removal can be done in two ways. The first is to improve carbon storage in natural ecosystems, e.g. B. to plant more forests or to store more carbon in the soil. The second option is to use DAC (Direct Air Capture) technology, in which CO₂ is removed from the ambient air and then either stored underground or converted into products.

The US study published last week indicated that the emergency deployment of a fleet of “CO₂ scrubbers” with DAC technology could slow global warming. However, government and business funding would be required due to the war. So is direct air sensing worth the time and money?

The direct capture of CO2 from the air will be necessary to address climate change. Shutterstock

What is DAC about?

Direct aerial intake refers to any mechanical system that absorbs CO₂ from the atmosphere. Plants in operation today use a liquid solvent or solid sorbent to remove CO & sub2; separated from other gases.

The Swiss company Climeworks operates 15 direct air collecting machines across Europe, including the world’s first commercial DAC system. The company runs on renewable geothermal energy or energy from the incineration of waste.

The machines use a fan to suck air into a “collector” in which a selective filter absorbs CO₂. As soon as the filter is full, the collector is closed and the CO & sub2; bound underground.

The Canadian company Carbon Engineering uses huge fans to draw air into a tower-like structure. The air flows over a potassium hydroxide solution, which chemically binds to the CO₂ molecules and removes them from the air. The CO & sub2; is then concentrated, purified and compressed.

Captured CO₂ can be injected into the ground to extract oil. In some cases, this can help counteract the emissions that result from burning the oil.

Proponents of Climeworks and Carbon Engineering technology say their projects will be invested and deployed on a large scale in the years to come. Globally, according to some estimates, the potential market value of DAC technology could reach $ 100 billion by 2030.

Artist's impression of a DAC system in Houston, Texas.Artist’s impression of a DAC system in the US state of Texas. If it were built, it would be the largest of its kind in the world. Carbon engineering

Big challenges ahead of us

Direct aerial photography faces many hurdles and challenges before it can really contain climate change.

DAC technology is currently expensive compared to many alternative methods of sensing CO₂, but is likely to become cheaper as technology increases. Economic feasibility is aided by the recent emergence of new carbon markets where negative emissions can be traded.

DAC machines process an enormous volume of air and are therefore very energy-intensive. Research has shown that machines for direct air collection could consume a quarter of the world’s energy by 2100. However, new DAC methods could reduce the energy consumption of the technology.

[Read: How this company leveraged AI to become the Netflix of Finland]

While the challenges of direct air separation are great, the technology uses less land and water than other technologies with negative emissions such as planting forests or storing CO₂ in soils or oceans.

DAC technology is also increasingly being supported by large companies. Microsoft, for example, included the technology in its carbon negative plan last year.

Emissions from a coal power plant.The direct air collection is touted to offset emissions from industry and other countries. Shutterstock

Opportunities for Australia

Australia is uniquely positioned to be the world leader in direct air sensing. It has large areas of land that are unsuitable for growing crops. It has a lot of sunlight, which means that there is great potential for DAC systems that run on solar energy. Australia also has some of the best locations in the world where carbon can be “locked” or stored in underground reservoirs.

Direct air sensing is a relatively new concept in Australia. The Australian company Southern Green Gas and the CSIRO develop solar-powered DAC technologies. The SGG project that I am involved in comprises modular units that may be deployed in large numbers, including near locations where captured CO₂ can be used for oil production or permanently stored.

If DAC technology can overcome its hurdles, the benefits will go beyond tackling climate change. It would create a new manufacturing sector and potentially reinstate workers displaced by the decline in fossil fuels.

Red sand and tufts of grassAustralia has lots of sunlight and lots of farmland on which DAC facilities could be built. Shutterstock

looking ahead

The urgency to remove CO₂ from the atmosphere appears to be an enormous challenge. But failing to act will bring far greater challenges: more climatic and weather extremes, irreversible damage to biodiversity and ecosystems, extinction of species and threats to health, nutrition, water and economic growth.

DAC technology is undoubtedly facing strong headwinds. However, with the right policy incentives and market drivers, there can be a range of measures that reverse climate change.

This article was republished from The Conversation by Deanna D’Alessandro, Professor and ARC Future Fellow, University of Sydney, under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

Categories
Entertainment

Sabrina Carpenter breaks the silence over new songs amid rumors in regards to the love triangle

On January 22nd, Joshua, 20, took up his Instagram story to praise Sabrina’s song by saying, “I’ve been stuck in my head since hearing it !!! Congratulations @sabrinacarpenter on ‘skin’, the new label and everything that goes with it Come on! ”

Speculation continues that he and Olivia dated after meeting on the set of High School Musical: The Musical: The Series, the Disney + show in which they star. Social media users were baffled that Joshua was involved in Sabrina after dating Olivia, and fans pointed to “driver’s license” as the obvious evidence, with his lyrics about heartbreak and a line specifically referring to “that blonde Girl “refers.

Under the lines in “Skin” that appear to refer to “Driver’s License” is one that reads, “Don’t drive yourself crazy.”

Olivia, 17, told Billboard last week that she understood the “curiosity” her own hit is about but that she believes this is “really the least important part of the song.”

Categories
Sport

Patrick Mahomes and Jason Pierre-Paul consult with Kobe Bryant after making Tremendous Bowl 55

The late Kobe Bryant’s ferocious drive and competitiveness, the mamba mentality, has greatly influenced the current generation of elite athletes. That was evident on Sunday night when two key players separately referred to a Bryant quote at Super Bowl 55 that they are not satisfied until a championship has been won.

Chief quarterback Patrick Mahomes and Buccaneers pass rusher Jason Pierre-Paul each pointed out something Bryant told a reporter after Game 2 of the 2009 NBA final between the Lakers and Magic.

In context, when asked why he wasn’t smiling after LA took a 2-0 lead, Bryant said this: “The job ain’t done … the job ain’t done,” said Bryant. The Lakers won the series in five games.

The Bryant quote became part of the 2020 NBA Finals when the Lakers played the heat. LA won that series in six.

SHORT: Brady-Mahomes is an unprecedented Super Bowl QB matchup

Mahomes ‘tip-off about the Chiefs’ victory over the bills in the AFC championship game was part of a major tribute to Bryant, who died in a helicopter crash in California a year ago on Tuesday.

Pierre-Paul referred to the Bryant quote in an interview with NFL Network’s Joe Thomas after the Bucs beat the Packers in the NFC title game. (Switch to 2:00 for what JPP said.)

Both players already have Super Bowl rings: Mahomes won his last year with the Chiefs and Pierre-Paul received one with the Giants in the 2011 season. They want another on February 7th in Tampa and are ready to work on it.

Categories
Health

Biden reportedly restricts journey to South Africa, the UK and Brazil to decelerate new strains of Covid

On January 22, 2021, U.S. President Joe Biden signs Executive Orders for economic relief for families and businesses affected by Covid in the State Dining Room of the White House in Washington, DC.

Nicholas Comb | AFP | Getty Images

President Joe Biden will sign a travel ban on Monday for most non-U.S. Citizens entering the country that was recently in South Africa, where a new strain of Covid-19 was identified, a person familiar with the situation told CNBC .

Biden will also reintroduce travel restrictions on entry for non-US residents from the UK and Brazil, where new strains of Covid have emerged. The restrictions also apply to Ireland and much of Europe. Former President Donald Trump lifted the restrictions shortly before Biden took office.

Reuters reported on the travel restrictions for the first time on Sunday.

Dr. Anne Schuchat, assistant chief director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, told the point of sale that the agency “is introducing this series of measures to protect Americans and also reduce the risk of these variants spreading and worsening the current pandemic.” . “

Before Biden took office, the new White House press secretary Jen Psaki criticized Trump’s efforts to lift international travel restrictions despite more contagious variants emerging around the world.

“We plan to step up public health measures related to international travel to further contain the spread of Covid-19,” Psaki wrote in a tweet.

Trump issued a proclamation last Monday to lift the travel restrictions his administration had put in place at the start of the pandemic for most non-US citizens living in much of Europe, the UK and Brazil as of January 26.

At that time, the US government will begin providing US air travelers, including US citizens, with the latest negative Covid-19 test results before boarding flights.

White House Health Advisor Dr. Anthony Fauci said that available vaccines against new, more contagious strains of Covid-19 appear to be less effective but likely still offer enough protection to be worth buying.

The CDC also announced on Sunday that it would remove the option for airlines flying from countries that do not have Covid-19 tests to request temporary exemptions for some travelers. The agency will implement the order on Tuesday.

The virus has infected more than 25 million people and killed at least 417,000 people in the United States since the pandemic began, according to Johns Hopkins University.

The US has not yet discovered any cases of the South African variant, but several states have discovered the British variant.

Categories
Science

A brand new concept to make use of vitality from black holes

Fifty years ago, the English mathematical physicist and Nobel Prize winner Roger Penrose suggested extracting energy from space around a rotating black hole. This region, known as the ergosphere, lies just outside an event horizon, the limit within which nothing can escape the pull of a black hole (even light). Here also infallible matter is accelerated to unbelievable speeds and gives off all kinds of energy.

This became known as the Penrose process, which many theorists have since expanded upon. The latest comes from a study by researchers from Columbia University and Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez in Chile. With support from organizations like NASA, they showed how a better understanding of physics when working with spinning black holes could one day enable us to harness their energy.

The study, entitled “Magnetic Reconnection as a Mechanism for Generating Energy from Rotating Black Holes” was carried out by Luca Comisso and Felipe A. Asenjo. In it, they propose a new method for extracting energy from a black hole by breaking and rejoining magnetic field lines near its event horizon, the limit within which nothing can escape the gravitational pull of a black hole (even light).

The artist’s impression shows a rapidly rotating supermassive black hole surrounded by an accretion disk. Recognition:

As Comisso, a Columbia University scientist and the study’s first author, stated in a Columbia News press release:

“Black holes are usually surrounded by a hot ‘soup’ of plasma particles that carry a magnetic field. Our theory shows that magnetic field lines, when properly separated and reconnected, accelerate plasma particles to negative energies and large amounts of energy can be extracted from black holes. “

While Penrose theorized in 1971 that this process of particle decay could draw energy from a black hole, Stephen Hawking proposed in 1974 that black holes could release energy through quantum mechanical emission (known as Hawking radiation). It was followed by Roger Blandford and Roman Znajek, who suggested in 1977 that electromagnetic torque was the main means of generating energy.

For their study, Comisso and Senjo looked at an important part of the Penrose process, in which magnetic field lines break apart and reconnect near the event horizon. This causes infalling matter to transform into two streams of charged particles (also known as plasma), one of which is pushed against the spin of the black hole and absorbs negative mass energy, causing it to fall beyond the event horizon into the black hole.

Visualization of an ergosphere surrounding the event horizon of a black hole. Image credit: Visser. M. (2008)

In the meantime, the other plasma stream is driven in the same direction as the spin of the black hole, allowing it to absorb additional mass energy and escape into the ergosphere. Within the ergosphere, the reconnection of magnetic field lines is so extreme that the plasma particles are accelerated to speeds approaching the speed of light (also known as relativistic speeds).

This essentially means that a black hole loses energy by eating particles with negative mass energy. In addition, the high relative speed between trapped and exiting plasma streams enables the process in which enormous amounts of energy can be extracted from a black hole. As Asenjo, professor of physics at Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez and co-author of the study, explained:

“We have calculated that the process of plasma excitation can achieve an efficiency of 150 percent, much higher than any power plant on earth. An efficiency of more than 100 percent is possible because black holes lose energy, which is given free of charge to the plasma emerging from the black hole. “

While it sounds like science fiction, it’s entirely possible that future generations will be looking for black holes to meet their energy needs. In addition, according to Comisso and Asenjo, the process of generating energy could already take place with a series of black holes in the observable universe. This may be the reason for black hole flares, which are powerful bursts of radiation that can be detected from Earth.

The first image of an event horizon around a supermassive black hole (SMBH) captured by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). Photo credit: EHT Collaboration

“In thousands or millions of years, mankind could be able to survive around a black hole without using the energy of the stars,” Comisso said. “It’s essentially a technological problem. If we look at physics, there is nothing stopping it. “

In fact, it is possible that sufficiently advanced species in our universe are already using black holes for their limitless energy. One such scenario was recently discussed in an article by Marion Cromb, Ph.D. Astrophysics student in the Faculty of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Glasgow. It is also part of the Transcension Hypothesis, a proposed solution to the Fermi Paradox that Roger Smart originally proposed in 2002.

Smart was not only an ultimate source of energy, but also suggested that black holes would enable a “transcendent” (sophisticated) species to “have a computationally optimal domain of increasingly dense, productive, miniaturized and efficient scales of space, time and energy and Matter. “There’s even an opportunity to explore alternative physics models, time travel, and see the“ seeds ”of new universes!

There are also theories about how tiny black holes could be used to propel interstellar spacecraft (the black hole propulsion), or how an event horizon could become a propulsion means (the halo propulsion). This latter idea works much like a gravity-assist maneuver, in which a spaceship would use the event horizon of a spinning black hole to hurl itself at distant stars at a speed approaching the speed of light.

Photo credit: NASA / Goddard Media Studios

Meanwhile, studies like this one are part of a growing effort to expand our knowledge of black holes and the exotic physics around them. As Asenjo has indicated, theoretical studies of black hole physics are especially important at a time when global efforts like the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) are enabling the first images of black holes to be captured:

“Our expanded knowledge of how magnetic reconnections occur near the black hole could be critical to our interpretation of current and future telescope observations of black holes such as those used by the Event Horizon Telescope.”

The study, recently published in the journal Physical Review D, was made possible thanks to funding from NASA, the Chilean National Fund for Scientific and Technological Development (FONDECYT), and the Windows on the Universe initiative from the National Science Foundation (NSF) . A synthesis program that brings theoretical physics and observational astronomy under one roof to answer some of the most profound questions.

Further reading: Columbia News, Physical Review D.

Like this:

To like Loading…