Categories
Science

IPCC clearly overestimates CO2, “the unhappy state of local weather science” – does that agree?

Reposted from the NoTricksZone

By P Gosselin on February 5, 2021

The climate researcher, geologist Patrice Poyet has published a new e-book: The e-book Rational Climate: Cooler is Riskier. The sad state of climate science and policy.

This is an excellent reference. Using the table of contents, the reader can easily look up the topic that interests him. The e-book has been downloaded over 10,000 times so far.

The 449-page book contains 120 numbers and 177 equations, and concludes that climate change is mostly about political fear and very little based on hard science.

Predictions of the darkness have not come true

According to Poyet, a geologist, the worse climate predictions have been made for 50 years, and none of them have ever come true. For example, despite unsupported claims that the Maldives islands would be submerged by 2050, 97% of them have grown so far for various reasons unrelated to “climate change”.

Also 50 years ago, the first Earth Day encouraged fears of the Ice Age, and the environmentalist Nigel Calder (later a prominent AGW skeptic) warned: “The danger of a new Ice Age must now be next to nuclear war as a likely source of death and misery on a large scale Style represent humanity. “

IPCC ignores the vast majority of science

While IPCC-associated scientists claim that humans are behind the climate change of the past few decades, Poyet’s book shows that this can only be concluded if all other factors are ignored. For example, fig. 12 of his book shows the natural fluctuations observed during the Holocene.

Rather than investigating what is behind the changes in the Holocene, the IPCC is trying to brush it under the rug, and scientists are ignoring them in their models.

CO2 climate sensitivity at the lower end

When it comes to how much of the warming since 1900 is due to CO2, Poyet believes that the climate sensitivity to a doubling of atmospheric CO2 is closer to that of Lindzen and Choi (2009; 2010) and Soon et al. (2015) – in a range of values ​​from 0.26 ° C to 0.475 ° C since 1900, and that there are still large uncertainties and small numbers.

Such a huge climate driver

Regarding the factor that is the single biggest driver of climate today, Poyet shared that over the centuries the sun has been driving the climate due to its massive heat storage capacity with long-term ocean hysteresis of several decades.

This regime is disrupted by the spells of volcanic activity. When the sun and volcanic activity change randomly, the climate deteriorates, as experienced during the LIA.

Faulty climate models

Poyet believes the models are also inaccurate. “Even small changes in the solar reconstructions, e.g. B. PMOD via ACRIM, lead to massive deviations in the model predictions, ”says Poyet. “Strangely enough, the sun is underestimated in current climate models if it could have had an impact of ± 4.5 W / m2 since 1750 (Judge et al., 2020), compared to a +1.53 W / m2 imbalance which has been due to CO2 since 1900. “

Ice Age in 1500 years?

In addition, the solar mechanisms are far more complex and widespread than the IPCC likes to believe:

Over longer periods of time, “the interglacial glacier cycles, the well-known combination of the 41 kyr inclination cycle and various precession cycles determine the game. This is what will send us back to the Ice Age in about 1,500 years, ”Poyet commented in an email.

Antarctica: no warming in 200 years

On the subject of Antarctica, the geologist presents a table from which it can be seen that no significant temperature trends have changed in the last 200 years:

Future: cooler now

When it comes to what to expect in the next 30 years? Cooler? Warmer? According to Poyet, the current state of climate science does not allow anyone to make reasonable predictions. “It’s kind of like predicting earthquakes. Earthquakes still cannot be predicted. The same applies to climate science. “

He also cites the climate alarmists’ belief that they can tell us the temperature in a century just because they “delusingly” added the CO2 regulator.

“What defines the climate is primarily the rainfall and the thought that they are able to predict a rainfall regime for 100 years is a joke.”

Poyet says his favorite climate model is Ollilas (2017), where he arrives at a temperature drop from 2020 in all scenarios.

=================================

Patrice is a geologist, geochemist, and applied computer scientist with an interest in various fields such as earth and planetary sciences, astronomy, finance and commerce, integration with manufacturing and design, simulation and defense systems. Patrice published 38 articles, mostly in peer-reviewed scientific journals, 6 peer-reviewed books, 6 peer-reviewed chapters in books, 64 articles in peer-reviewed conferences, a D.Sc. Diploma thesis (1986) and 32 scientific and technical reports for demanding public and private clients (e.g. French Navy, EU funded R&D projects, CIEH, etc.) and acted as a reviewer for several R&D projects of the EG.

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Categories
Health

NFL gives Biden soccer stadiums for Covid vaccination websites

Sofi Stadium, home of the Los Angeles Rams in Inglewood, California.

Keith Birmingham | MediaNews Group | Getty Images

The National Football League announced President Joe Biden that it is making all 30 stadiums available to the general public as mass coronavirus vaccination sites.

Seven NFL teams are already running vaccinations against Covid-19 in or near their stadiums.

“The NFL and our 32 member clubs are committed to doing our part to ensure that vaccines are as widely available in our communities as possible,” League commissioner Roger Goodell wrote in a letter to Biden on Thursday.

“We can expand our efforts to stadiums more effectively as many of our clubs have been offering their facilities as COVID test centers and polling stations in recent months,” Goodell wrote.

His letter stated that each NFL team would coordinate vaccination efforts at the stadiums, two of which are shared by two teams, with local, state and federal health officials.

It already happened in San Francisco, where the 49ers team and Santa Clara County announced on Friday that Levi’s Stadium would be used as a vaccination site for residents next week.

The team said the stadium will be California’s largest vaccination site with an initial capacity of 5,000 people receiving shots per day and plans to increase that capacity to 15,000 people per day if vaccine supplies increase.

Goodell noted that the NFL will host 7,500 vaccinated health care workers from around the country for Sunday’s Super Bowl game between the Kansas City Chiefs and the Tampa Bay Buccaneers.

The commissioner said workers were invited “out of gratitude for their heroic service and to highlight the importance of vaccinations as our country recovers from the pandemic”.

The NFL referred questions to the White House when contacted by CNBC. The Biden administration had no immediate comment.

The league’s current vaccination sites are hosted by the Arizona Cardinals, Atlanta Falcons, Baltimore Ravens, Carolina Panthers, Houston Texans, Miami Dolphins, and New England Patriots.

A variety of professional baseball stadiums in the US are already offering Covid vaccines to the public.

A temporary mass vaccination site opened on Friday at Yankee Stadium in the Bronx, New York.

Another location in the Mets house in Citi Field, Queens, should have recordings in late January. However, this opening was postponed as the city lacked sufficient vaccines.

Los Angeles turned Dodger Stadium into a mass vaccination site in January after serving as a mass covid testing site for eight months.

– CNBC’s Noah Higgins-Dunn contributed to this report.

Correction: The NFL has 30 stadiums. In a previous version the number was incorrectly specified.

Categories
Sport

Ought to Duke or North Carolina really feel extra determined? Can Alabama hold rolling?

The Duke Blue Devils come off a loss to Miami and are on the outside of the Bracketology bubble looking in. The North Carolina Tar Heels come off a loss to Clemson, and though in seemingly better NCAA shape, sit several spots behind Duke in the key metric rankings systems including KenPom. Saturday’s matchup between Duke and UNC (6 p.m. ET, ESPN) is not your typical battle of championship heavyweights — this one is for far more than status on Tobacco Road. With that in mind, ESPN.com’s panel of college hoops writers sized up this week’s battle, some other key matchups on the Saturday slate and the topic of conference tournaments that hangs over the game’s collective head like an anvil:

This season’s first installment of North Carolina-Duke is meaningful in a way this rivalry usually isn’t — both teams actually need this game to bolster tenuous NCAA tournament cases. Who do you think should feel more desperate for a win here?

Myron Medcalf, senior college basketball writer: Duke entered the week hovering around the mid-60s in the NET rankings. That’s not good, folks. I think the Blue Devils are the more desperate team in this matchup. A loss would be a bad omen for Duke, too. The Blue Devils still have to host Virginia, Syracuse and Louisville and they’ll end the season at Chapel Hill. And they’re not good enough to enter upcoming games against Notre Dame, NC State and Georgia Tech with tremendous confidence, either. If this weekend’s matchup is a lopsided loss in a rivalry game, we could look back a few weeks from now and recognize Saturday as the day Duke threw in the towel on a turbulent season and missed its shot at the NCAA tournament.

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Jeff Borzello, college basketball insider: Duke is at risk of dropping to .500 with a loss, so the Blue Devils should be far more desperate. North Carolina really struggled earlier this week against Clemson, but entering the game, the Tar Heels had won six of their previous seven games and were fairly comfortably in the NCAA tournament field. Duke, meanwhile, is some distance from feeling comfortable about its Selection Sunday chances. Fortunately for Coach K & Co., the game is at Cameron Indoor; even without fans and the usual energy that comes from playing at home, that should matter.

John Gasaway, college basketball writer: Duke needs this win more than the Tar Heels. The game’s in Durham, and a loss would leave the Blue Devils at 7-7 overall and 5-5 in the ACC. Not to mention if the season ended today UNC would likely make the field of 68 (my esteemed colleague Mr. Lunardi pegs the team as a No. 11 seed), while Mike Krzyzewski’s guys would almost certainly find themselves on the wrong side of the cut line. Duke has to play its way into the tournament, and a win against North Carolina would help that effort.

The danger of missing the NCAA tournament is getting real for Mike Krzyzewski and the Blue Devils. Matt Gentry/The Roanoke Times via AP, Pool

Joe Lunardi, ESPN bracketologist: Both teams are desperate from an NCAA tournament perspective, but Duke is genuinely teetering. The Blue Devils have fallen just off the bubble in Bracketology and simply cannot afford to lose the Cameron Indoor Stadium stop of this home-and-home. Duke would be a .500 team — both overall and in the ACC — with a loss to the Tar Heels. That would put the Devils in further danger of missing the NIT (if that even takes place).

Who will be the most important single player on the court in UNC-Duke on Saturday, and which team do you have winning?

Borzello: I think it’s Caleb Love. Entering the season, I pegged the North Carolina freshman point guard as one of the noteworthy newcomers in the country, a potential first-round pick who would be handed the keys to the Tar Heels’ offense from day one. Well, Love was handed the keys — and the car struggled to start. Turnovers have been a huge issue for Love in particular (and Carolina in general), and he has had more turnovers than assists in seven games so far this season. He’s coming off a game where he had nine points, shot 2-for-10 from the field and turned it over four times while making one assist. Not surprisingly, the Tar Heels lost by 13.

When Love is good, Carolina is good. During the three-game winning streak that preceded the loss to Clemson, Love averaged 14.3 points and 4.3 assists — while turning it over nine times in three games. Still high, but manageable when he’s producing in other areas and initiating an efficient offense. He needs to limit the turnovers against Duke while also staying in attack mode and keeping the Blue Devils on the back foot.

Gasaway: I’m with Mr. Borzello. Roy Williams has been giving a remarkable vote of confidence to Love, and now’s the time for that to start paying off for the Tar Heels. Consider this list: Cole Anthony, Coby White, Harrison Barnes, Wayne Ellington, Raymond Felton and Rashad McCants. Those are the guys who’ve received enough of a green light from Williams to attempt at least four 3s per game as freshmen. Now Love is part of this rather impressive group, and the returns to this point have been somewhat uneven. The received analytics wisdom suggests that a 77% shooter at the line like Love will at some point start hitting his 3s. If that happens now or soon, it would give a lift to this UNC offense.

Can Caleb Love lead Roy Williams’ up-and-down UNC squad to an important victory in Durham? AP Photo/Gerry Broome

Lunardi: Duke forward Matthew Hurt is the best player on the more desperate team, and he needs to lift the Blue Devils to an urgent victory. Hurt is shooting a lusty 60.0% from the floor this season, but is just 3-for-14 beyond the arc in his past three starts. The Devils need the 40.3% career 3-point shooter to return, and I believe we’ll see that and a season-saving win (for now!) for Duke.

Medcalf: I’ll go with Jalen Johnson because I think Duke’s only shot in this game is attached to a monster effort by the freshman. Although Johnson has been inconsistent in some elements of his game, he also has connected on 61% of his shots inside the arc since returning from injury. The mock drafts that have him in the top 10 of this summer’s NBA draft are judging his ceiling. But he hasn’t put together that convincing stretch of basketball yet. Saturday is a big opportunity on a giant stage for Johnson.

North Carolina can probably play good basketball and win. Duke has to be great and the Blue Devils can’t be that unless Johnson is strong on both sides of the floor. Johnson plays like a lottery pick? Duke has a shot. Anything less than that and UNC should win. That’s why I think he’ll be the most important player on Saturday. Overall, I’ll pick North Carolina to win. Just too many factors in their favor to bet against the Tar Heels.

There are three matchups of ranked teams scheduled for Saturday — No. 10 Alabama at No. 18 Missouri, No. 23 Kansas at No. 17 West Virginia and No. 19 Wisconsin at No. 12 Illinois. Which of these contests do you consider most meaningful, and why?

Borzello: I’ll go with Alabama at Missouri (12 p.m. ET, ESPN), mostly because I have questions about both teams, and I want some answers! The Crimson Tide were the talk of college basketball a couple of weeks ago, running off a 10-game winning streak before losing to Oklahoma last weekend. But the vaunted offense that was carving up opponents has slowed down. The Tide are 22-for-72 (30.6%) from 3 the past three games and they’ve scored fewer than one point per possession in each of those games.

I don’t generally buy into the “live by the 3, die by the 3” mantra, because teams are always going to struggle when their biggest strength gets taken away — regardless of what it is — but it remains to be seen if Alabama can beat a good team without making 40% or so of its outside shots. And Missouri is very good at taking away the outside shot; no opponent has made more than nine 3s in a game against the Tigers, and only five have shot above 40%.

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De’Vion Harmon scores a game-high 18 points and Elijah Harkless adds 14 points of his own to help No. 24 Oklahoma end Alabama’s 10-game win streak.

Missouri has been a weird one for me all season. The Tigers’ résumé is very good, but I’m just not sure they match that in terms of quality on the court. Cuonzo Martin has done a tremendous job this season, but they were a woeful shooting team before the past couple of games, and some of their big wins (at Arkansas, at Tennessee) look slightly less impressive now. But a home win over Alabama would eliminate some of my concerns.

Gasaway: My alma mater Illinois notwithstanding (show them the love, Lunardi!), I vote for KU at West Virginia. A loss for the Jayhawks would drop them to 12-7 on the season, a record where that projected No. 5 seed in the NCAA tournament begins to look a bit shaky. Not to mention the matchup between the Mountaineers’ offense and the Kansas D is just plain interesting. Contrary to every stereotype about Bob Huggins’ teams, West Virginia this season is struggling mightily in the paint in Big 12 play but shooting the lights out on 3s. Perceptive KU fans have been waiting patiently during the conference season for opponents’ 3-point accuracy to “regress” to normal, but an opposing offense that’s connecting 42% of the time from beyond the arc in league play can wreak some havoc just by being “average.” Should be a good one.

Lunardi: Alabama has made its first all-time appearance as a No. 1 seed in Bracketology and would distance itself a bit with a win at Missouri. Can you imagine winning the national championship in Division I football and basketball in the same year? Rece Davis might never come back to earth. But that is the most impactful game for me, and I expect the Crimson Tide to prevail and remain undefeated in the SEC.

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Ayo Dosunmu meets Kofi Cockburn in the air as they connect for the two-handed slam.

Medcalf: All great answers. But I’ll go with Wisconsin-Illinois, the game that will impact the logjam atop the Big Ten. Right now, KenPom has five Big Ten teams projected to win 12 or more conference games. Lunardi’s bracket lists the teams on that list (Wisconsin, Illinois, Iowa, Ohio State and Michigan) anywhere from a 1-seed (Michigan) to a 3-seed (Wisconsin). Saturday’s matchup between Wisconsin and Illinois could offer advantages for the winner in both the NCAA tournament field and the Big Ten title race.

We don’t know what to expect in this one-site NCAA tournament. But we watched the Miami Heat KO the top-seeded Milwaukee Bucks in the Eastern Conference and the L.A. Clippers lose to the Denver Nuggets in the Western Conference, both exiting prior to the semifinals. Weird things could happen in this “bubble” too. A win for Illinois boosts its chances to move up to the 2-seed convo and a loss for Wisconsin could help send the Badgers into some wild opening-round matchup against a hot mid-major in empty Mackey Arena.

I think Ayo Dosunmu could emerge from the next stretch as Illinois shows it’s the most dangerous team in the country outside the top two. He has the chance to lead his squad to wins over Wisconsin, Michigan and Minnesota (on the road) in the next two weeks. That’s a potential edge in the Big Ten title race and a higher seed in Indianapolis if Illinois can pull it off. Wisconsin, however, has to find a way to get through an upcoming slate that includes matchups against Purdue, Michigan and two games apiece versus Iowa and Illinois. Ugh. Saturday could start a free fall for the Badgers.

Geno Auriemma said something on Tuesday that you have to wonder whether a lot of stakeholders on the men’s side are thinking too, in respect to the risk of COVID-19 and conference tournaments: “Me, personally, if we didn’t have a tournament, it wouldn’t bother me one iota,” Auriemma said. “With the understanding that if something happens — which there is no guarantee that it won’t — a team that has already assured themselves of a spot in the NCAA tournament, now gets shut down.” Could you live without conference tournaments? What are the implications for not having them?

Borzello: The goal of this entire season has been to have an NCAA tournament. Whatever we have to do to get there, we need to have an NCAA tournament, right? We started the season late, but we still had nonconference games because it was a key data point for the committee. Cancel games, postpone games, play an uneven amount of conference games, it doesn’t matter as long as we have an NCAA tournament. So why would conference tournaments be the one piece of the puzzle that can’t be touched during this pandemic-impacted season?

I can live without them for a year, and I’m not sure I see huge implications if they were canceled across the board. Give the automatic bids to the regular-season champions and pick the at-larges from there. I actually think the implications of having incomplete conference tournaments are more noteworthy. If Gonzaga and Houston don’t want to play in their tourneys, suddenly the WCC and AAC are two-bid leagues when they might not have been otherwise — which dramatically impacts the state of the bubble.

Medcalf: The NCAA tournament is where the money is made. Every conference in America is a beneficiary, but the leagues that don’t have Power 5 football can’t afford to lose the financial gains of the NCAA tournament, a year after the payouts were significantly reduced when the event was canceled. The NCAA has already solidified its plan to move forward. It has also made it clear that a few stumbles aren’t going to stop the ship. No team in America wants to risk getting left behind. If that means sending the regular-season champions from the leagues that don’t host a conference tournament, then do it. That gives those teams more time to prepare for Indianapolis and an opportunity to isolate their Tier I group to meet the NCAA’s testing requirements.

The Big Ten announced this week that it would move its conference tourney to Indianapolis. Can it keep the event safe? Thomas J. Russo/USA TODAY Sports

The good news is that each league has been promised its fair share of NCAA tournament revenue, which takes some pressure off the leagues that were concerned about being left out, especially if the NCAA had proposed a smaller field. The risk attached to conference tournaments isn’t worth the possible penalty, it seems. Let’s just get to March. Please. Even if that means we miss this year’s conference tournaments.

Gasaway: I can live without conference tournaments this one time if that’s what we need to do to play a full-scale NCAA tournament in 2021. But if there’s any way the conference tournaments can be saved, I’m all for it. We know from past history that shocking upsets occur a reliable percentage of the time in these events, and bid thieves are a regular feature of the March landscape. Particularly in conferences where it looks like there’s just one surefire at-large team (like, say, the American this season), the league tournament can be a really suspenseful watch. Champ Week is one of the best weeks of the whole season, and I hope we can do it this year.

Lunardi: Since I’m a bracketologist and not an immunologist, my thoughts tend to be from a competitive balance perspective. With limited non-league schedules and in most cases uneven schedules within the leagues, conference tournaments — at least in theory — seem the fairest option for determining a champion. For the vast majority of teams, it will also be their only postseason (as it’s hard to be optimistic about the NIT or other invitational events). And the cynic in me says, if health and safety really are the major concerns, wasn’t the bigger risk playing the season at all?

Categories
Technology

5 tricks to defend your electrical automobile in chilly climate

This article was originally published by Martin Banks on Clean the fleet report, a publication that provides readers with the information they need to switch to the best fuel economy cars and trucks, including electric cars, fuel cells, plug-in hybrids, hybrids, and advanced diesel and gasoline engines.

If you own an electric vehicle, you already know that your car requires special care. This is especially true in the winter months. How do you make your electric vehicle work properly?

Here are some tricks EV owners can use in colder weather.

Cold weather poses additional challenges for electric vehicles

1. Evaluate tire pressure

It is important to keep an eye on tire pressures in general. This point is critical when 20 degree days are ahead. Tires can lose 1 pound per square inch every time the outside temperature drops 10 degrees. Therefore, the air pressure must have priority.

Have an air gauge handy so you can check your car’s tire pressures. It should be obvious if there is a leak as your dashboard will indicate when the tires are not holding enough air. Make sure you fill them up to the pressure recommended by your automaker.

2. Charge until it’s time to go

Electric vehicles usually don’t need to be charged around the clock. It depends on how often the owner drives the car. However, this is not the case in winter. Electric vehicles easily lose their charge when the battery gets cold. As such, EV owners should remember to keep them plugged into their power source until they leave home.

[Read: How much does it cost to buy, own, and run an EV? It’s not as much as you think]

Electric vehicles in cold weatherIt is important to drive an electric vehicle in the cold

3. Drive frequently

It’s also important not to leave cars drifting in cold weather. These temperature decreases can Promote issues like corrosion damage the vehicles. If you don’t drive your EV that often all winter, you should try to drive it around the block at least once a week.

4. Heat your garage

It can also help heat your garage. This effort keeps the battery warm, whatever speeds up the charging of the car a total of. That said, your vehicle may automatically heat the battery. For example, if you have a Tesla Model 3, you can turn on a feature called “Air Conditioning” to warm it up. EV owners can expect their vehicles to have a longer range as a result.

5. Expect less mileage

You shouldn’t expect electric cars to reach full capacity in winter. Instead, they can only go about half as far as usual before a charge is required. Many of today’s electric vehicles can Get up to around 200 miles before they need to be charged. It is wise to prepare for half of this capacity in colder weather.

Therefore, EV owners should prepare in advance. Leaving your car plugged in between uses allows you to drive as far as possible. Make sure you map routes with different charging options so you don’t run out of power. It is also a good idea to heat the interior of the car less often to save electricity.

Use these ideas to keep electric cars safe in winter

Electric vehicles have come a long way over the years – but they still require a little extra care to make sure they do their best. This is especially true in winter. Try these tricks to make sure your electric car stays safe on cold days.


You can follow Clean Fleet Report on Twitter and Facebook.


SHIFT is brought to you by Polestar. It’s time to accelerate the transition to sustainable mobility. That’s why Polestar combines electric driving with state-of-the-art design and exciting performance. Find out how.

Published on February 5, 2021 – 18:00 UTC

Categories
Science

Astronomers can use the form and measurement of their disk to foretell when a galaxy’s star formation will finish

The main business of a galaxy is star formation. And when they are young, like youth everywhere, they deal with it. But galaxies age, evolve, and slow down their star formation rate. After all, galaxies no longer form new stars, and astronomers call this erasure. You’ve studied extinguishing for decades, but much of it remains a mystery.

A new study based on the IllustrisTNG simulations has found a link between the erasure of a galaxy and its star size.

About 10 billion years ago, the universe was in what cosmologists call “cosmic noon”. At this point in time, star formation in galaxies reached its peak. How and why galaxies have not formed stars since then is a mystery.

In a new article entitled “MOSEL and IllustrisTNG: Delete massive extended galaxies at z = 2 later than normal sized galaxies”, a research team wanted to investigate the deletion. The lead author of the study is Dr. Anshu Gupta from the Australian ARC competence center for all-sky astrophysics in 3 dimensions (ASTRO 3D). The paper is published in the Astrophysical Journal.

“There is a time in the life of the universe known as ‘cosmic noon’ that occurred about 10 billion years ago,” said Dr. Gupta in a press release. “At that time, star formation in massive galaxies was at its peak. After that, the gas in most of these galaxies got hot – in part because of the black holes in the center – and they stopped forming stars. “

Photo credit: Gupta et al., 2021.

At cosmic noon, galaxies also developed the properties we see today: for example, regularly rotating disks and bulges. That was also when a population of dead galaxies or extinguished galaxies appeared. Something was going on.

Cosmic noon was not just a time of star formation. It was also a time of the black hole’s highest accretion. As the black holes in the center of the galaxy became massive, they pulled the galaxy’s gas towards them, compressing and heating the gas. But stars need cold gas to form. hot gas refuses to merge and collapse into a star.

However, this compression and warming effect did not dominate all galaxies. For a swollen, less dense galaxy with more spacing between the stars, the black holes didn’t have the same effect. They couldn’t get enough gas to quench star formation.

“However, in galaxies that are really, really big, what we found was that things didn’t heat up as much and the black holes weren’t that big of an impact that stars kept forming over a long period of time.”

The research team focused on what is known as the galactic disk. The galactic disk is a flattened circular region that surrounds the core and contains stars, gas, and dust. If this disc is not compact but spread out, star formation persists and quenching is delayed.

“Where the stars are widespread in the disk – you could call them ‘puffy’ – the gas stays cooler, so it continues to merge under gravity and form new stars,” said Dr. Gupta. “In galaxies with more compact disks, the gas heats up fairly quickly and is soon too energetic to crush together, so that star formation ends shortly after cosmic noon. Puffy disks run much longer, for example until cosmic afternoon tea. “

That number from the study helps explain the results. On the left are normal massive galaxies, on the right the expanded or “swollen” galaxies in the TNG simulation. As indicated in the upper bar, normal massive galaxies only changed their mean star size by z ~ 2.5. However, sprawling massive galaxies saw a steady increase in size between z ~ 2 and 4. Photo credits: Gupta et al., 2021.

Their study found that z = 1 erased only 36% of the extended massive galaxies, while 69% of the more normal massive galaxies were erased. With z = 2 to 4 they found that “… massive galaxies of normal size build their central stellar mass without their star size increasing significantly.” In the case of large, massive galaxies, their stellar mass almost doubled.

This research was based on both observations and simulations.

The IllustrisTNG simulations were an ambitious effort involving mostly German and American scientists. The IllustrisTNG website best describes the efforts: “Each simulation in IllustrisTNG develops a large part of a pseudo universe from shortly after the Big Bang to the present day, taking into account a multitude of physical processes that drive galaxy formation. The simulations can be used to study a wide range of topics dealing with the evolution of the universe – and the galaxies it contains – over time. “

What do these results mean? “Based on the results, we were able to establish a connection between hard drive size and star formation for the first time. Now astronomers can look at every galaxy in the universe and predict exactly when it will stop forming stars – shortly after lunch or later in the cosmic afternoon. “

The Milky Way is the home of humanity. Where does our galaxy fit into all of this? As it turns out, the Milky Way is a late bloomer. It was cosmic noon here, but it was still very small and decidedly not massive. At that point it was only a tenth of the stellar mass it now has. Thanks to mergers, it’s gotten more massive over time. Now it’s a huge galaxy, but it’s still making stars.

Stand next to the Milky Way. Photo credit: P. Horálek / ESO

Where are we now in the cosmic-galactic daily timer? “Cosmic noon was a long time ago,” said Dr. Gupta. “I would say that the universe has now reached the cosmic evening. It’s not night yet, but things have definitely slowed down. “

The team behind this study integrated the IllustrisTNG simulations with observations from the MOSEL (Multi-Object Spectroscopic Emission Line) survey. MOSEL relied on the Hubble Space Telescope and the WM Keck Observatory. The team consisted of scientists from Great Britain, Germany, Mexico, the USA and Australia.

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Categories
Entertainment

‘TI & Tiny: Pals & Household Hustle’ suspends manufacturing on allegations of sexual abuse

Production of the hit VH1 series “TI & Tiny: Friends & Family Hustle” was suspended due to allegations of sexual abuse against the stars of the show.

Deadline reports that the show has been shooting its fourth season in Atlanta since December.

While TI and Tiny have denied the allegations on multiple occasions, the fallout continues for the couple who have been accused of sexual abuse, human trafficking, drugs, and coercion by women.

“We are aware of the allegations and while they are unrelated to our show, we have reached out to TI and Tameka Harris, as well as local and state officials,” a spokesman for MTV Entertainment said in a statement to Deadline. “Given the gravity of the allegations, we have decided to stop production for more information.”

Sources told Deadline the decision to stop production was a joint decision between MTV Entertainment, TI and Tiny. It is also reported that previously announced plans for a Spring Season 4 premiere are also being put on hold.

While MTV Entertainment is investigating the allegations, it is unclear whether there is such a criminal investigation, and authorities have not currently blamed the couple.

Although there is no criminal case against the couple, a civil lawsuit appears to be pending after famed lawyer Lisa Bloom announced on Twitter that she is now representing one of the prosecutors.

Bloom didn’t say who her client is or what specific she’s accusing the couple of, but she’s known for working on similarly high-profile cases.

It all started after Glam University CEO Sabrina Peterson, a former friend of the couple, accused TI of pointing a gun at them. After telling her story, Peterson claimed several alleged victims presented their own reports of negative interactions with the stars.

We will keep you informed about updates.

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Categories
Technology

The House Act prevents Earth’s microbes from polluting different planets

Two Mars landings are planned for 2021. First, NASA’s Perseverance rover is slated to land on the planet later this month. Then China’s Tianwen Rover will follow in May. Both missions aim to search the planet for signs of life.

But how do we make sure that nothing unwanted lands with them when our landers hit the surface of the red planet? If we’re not careful, we could spread all kinds of life – like in 2019, when a spaceship with a cargo of tiny, almost indestructible life forms called tardigrades crashed onto the lunar surface.

The good thing is, we have policies and laws to prevent this from happening. In fact, there is a whole section of space law called planet protection, which is designed to prevent planets, moons, comets and asteroids from being contaminated.

Government organizations have adhered to generally accepted rules and laws for 50 years. But they’re no longer the only players in the game. More and more commercial space missions are starting.

This bacterium was only found in two clean rooms. NASA / JPL-Caltech, CC BY

Planetary protection

There are two variants of planetary protection called forward and backward. The former concerns the contamination of other planets by material from the earth. This of course protects every life on this planet. But it also means that scientists can be fairly certain that any signs of life they discover are actually signs of “extraterrestrial” life and have not been transplanted from Earth.

To achieve this, the rooms where spacecraft are made and assembled are some of the cleanest places on earth. The facilities are regularly tested for biological contamination and often produce surprising results. In 2013 a completely new type of bacteria was found in two clean rooms about 4,000 km apart. The life form that thrives on eating very little has not been found anywhere else on earth.

[Read: How much does it cost to buy, own, and run an EV? It’s not as much as you think]

Reverse contamination prevents the earth from being contaminated by extraterrestrial material that has obstructed a return journey. When the Apollo 11 astronauts landed back on Earth in 1969, they spent three weeks in quarantine to make sure they weren’t bringing anything dangerous back from the moon. Neil Armstrong even celebrated his 39th birthday there.

We have learned a lot more about the moon since then and it is widely considered to be microbe free. The chances of bringing something back to Earth would be much greater if missions were to bring samples or people back from Mars.

Apollo 11 astronauts in a small metal quarantine facility, with President Richard M. Nixon from outside.Nixon greeted the quarantined astronauts. NASA, CC BY

The laws

Planet protection has a long history. The Committee for Space Research (COSPAR), an international non-governmental organization, began discussing it back in the 1950s when planned missions to the moon raised concerns about the potential for contamination for later scientific studies.

Since then, the planetary protection policy of COSPAR with its scientific guidelines and recommendations has become the internationally recognized “gold standard”. It categorizes planets and moons according to their life potential or signs of life in the past or present. The greater the life potential, the greater the protective measures. This categorization means that Mars is better protected than the moon.

This means that missions to higher category bodies will require more sterilization to ensure fewer potential contaminants travel. This can also affect end-of-life plans for missions. NASA’s Juno probe will crash against Jupiter in July to avoid possible contamination of Europe or one of the other moons.

However, as a product of a non-governmental organization, the COSPAR Directive is not legally binding. It’s what lawyers call “soft law”. This means that it does not have the force of a legally binding agreement but is nonetheless recognized as an important guideline that should be followed.

However, we are obliged under international law to avoid harmful contamination of space, the moon and other celestial bodies as well as the earth. This is due to the 1967 Space Treaty.

While the treaty says that “harmful contamination” should be avoided, it does not define what this means. However, the past 50 years have generated quite a strong expectation that future missions will adhere to these principles.

In addition, the obligation has a social and moral aspect. Space scientists expect missions to adhere to the principles of planetary protection. In order not to do so, you risk condemnation by the scientific community.

Non-state space travel

The days of beyond orbit space explored only by government scientific operations are coming to an end. Private companies are increasingly venturing further away from our planet. The 2019 moon landing attempt, which may have contaminated the moon, was carried out by a private company called SpaceIL. Elon Musk’s SpaceX aims to launch missions to Mars.

This does not mean that space will become a lawless wild west, as states are responsible for the activities of their nationals in space. You need to approve and continuously monitor these activities. If the damage is done, the state, not the private company, is liable. However, many states include insurance policies as part of the licensing process.

A SpaceX missile is launched.SpaceX aims at Mars. SpaceX, CC BY-NC

The future

How this will play out is difficult to predict, especially given the limited, directly relevant precedent. However, the general approach taken by the US government to date is encouraging. Recently, NASA updated its planetary protection policy to explicitly state that it implements the United States’ obligations under the Space Treaty.

Based on this, it is reasonable to assume that a US-issued license would require compliance with NASA’s planet protection guidelines, which are largely in line with the COPSAR directive.

This is not guaranteed to last forever. Attempts have already been made at the US Congress to possibly exempt private actors from the requirements of planetary protection. This was part of a 2018 law to reduce the “regulatory burden” on the commercial space industry. The effort failed, but those who supported it might try again.

Planet protection is important to preserve the scientific value of space. However, scientific interest isn’t the only reason to explore space – there are many others. What is the balance needs to be considered, but it is a debate that requires broad participation.The conversation

This article by Thomas Cheney, professor of space governance at the Open University, is republished by The Conversation under Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

Categories
Sport

Steelers rookie Chase Claypool has a alternative for Tremendous Bowl 55 – if that is okay

Steelers wide receiver Chase Claypool believes at the end of the 55th Super Bowl, which will be played between the Chiefs and Buccaneers on Sunday, that the team standing in the midst of all this flying confetti holding up the Lombardi Trophy will …

Waiting. He’s allowed to have an opinion, right?

After all, he said the Browns would be “clapped” by the Chiefs in the divisional round of the NFL playoffs, and for that he was annoyed by many in the media and the public – although that prediction turned out to be more or less correct. Maybe he shouldn’t even bother with something as routine as a Super Bowl pick.

“I think Kansas City will win. I just think their firepower with Kelce, Hill and Mahomes could be a little too much to handle, ”Claypool told Sporting News. “But of course I wouldn’t be too surprised if Tom Brady took a win.”

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Claypool also obviously hoped that the Steelers would be back in Tampa, the site of the last of their six Super Bowl victories, to play the game. And he had reason to believe that after most of the regular season was over, the team would be able to get there. The Steelers opened with 11 straight wins and were able to secure number 1 in the AFC. In the last five games, however, they closed with four defeats and were eliminated in the wildcard round of the playoffs against the Browns.

Instead of entering the field at Raymond James Stadium in a combination of black and gold, he will be watching DAZN Canada from home, the streaming sports media provider for which he wrote a series of “Rookie Diaries” in his first year – The NFL made videos.

“I think we had a lot of injuries on our team that got a lot of starters out,” said Claypool. He didn’t mention the names, but they were significant: linebackers Bud Dupree and Devin Bush, and even Bush’s successor, Robert Spillane. “It’s difficult to win a game in the NFL. So if you don’t have all of your guys there, it’s especially difficult.

“I think we’ll be making good progress and using that as a learning experience.”

Claypool told SN that he believes in the Steelers roster, although there are still many future decisions to be made. Wideout JuJu Smith-Schuster is a free agent, along with James Conner and defense attorneys Mike Hilton and Cam Sutton. And quarterback Ben Roethlisberger has announced he wants to return, but Steeler’s President Art Rooney II has made it clear that this is not possible at the current price: a salary of more than $ 41 million.

Claypool has no idea how to solve this.

“I know as much as everyone else. I’m just here waiting to see it, ”he said. He and Roethlisberger combined eight touchdowns and 57 receptions as well as another five catches and two touchdowns in the playoff game in the regular season. But that doesn’t mean he’ll call his QB and ask for inside information.

“I’m just a newbie so I can’t really call him and ask what he’s going to do. He’s been in the league for so long, ”said Claypool. “I’m just waiting to hear, just like everyone else.

“I think he’s obviously a Hall of Fame quarterback. And when you have a Hall of Fame quarterback, you want him to stay as long as possible. “

Claypool was selected by the Steelers in the second round of the 2020 NFL Draft. He was selected as the 11th recipient. Many analysts have suggested that there are 10 great prospects available. He was not considered one of them.

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Which was weird because Claypool weighs 6-4, 238 pounds and ran a 40-yard shot of 4.42 at the NFL Combine last year. His senior year at Notre Dame caught 66 passes for 1,037 yards and 13 touchdowns, and it’s not like those numbers were the result of a high-octane crime.

“I wasn’t like a super showy player in college,” said Claypool. “I think I just did what had to be done. I dropped out of my senior year there and didn’t have a lot of coverage beforehand. So I surprised a few people, which led to the Combine. People have really started getting noticed at the Combine, but by then it’s pretty late to build that momentum. “

He turned out to be one of the most successful receivers of the 2020 draft class. His nine touchdown receptions ranked first among the newbies; He finished fourth in Catches and Yards and was voted into the All-Rookie First Team by the Pro Football Writers of America.

“I just think that preparing and talking to the vets and asking for advice throughout the season – and little things I can do – really helped me,” said Claypool.

He will be leaving Canada in the next few weeks to train in Southern California and prepare for his second NFL season. There he expects to take on established NFL defenders to continue working on how to be successful against them.

“There will be training in the LA and Orange County areas,” said Claypool, “and hopefully I’ll take some of them out and work on the craft that way.”

Categories
Science

The wet season in California begins virtually a month later than it did 60 years in the past.

From the AGU

February 4, 2021

A dry California riverbed in 2009. New research has shown that the start of California’s annual rainy season has been postponed from November to December, adding nearly a month to the state’s increasingly devastating wildfire season. Image credit: NOAA.

WASHINGTON – The start of California’s annual rainy season has been postponed from November to December, adding nearly a month to the state’s increasingly devastating forest fire season, according to new research. The study can’t confirm that the shift is related to climate change, but the results agree with climate models that predict drier fall months for California in a warming climate, the authors say.

Forest fires in California can happen anytime, but fires typically burn from May to October when the state is in the dry season. The start of the rainy season, historically in November, ends with the forest fire season, as the plants get too damp to burn.

The rainy season in California has started increasingly over the past few decades, and climatologists have predicted that it will get shorter as the climate warms. In the new study, the researchers analyzed precipitation and weather data in California over the past six decades. The results show that the official start of the California rainy season is 27 days later than the 1960s, and the rain that falls is concentrated in the months of January and February.

“We have shown that it won’t happen in the future, it is already happening,” said Jelena Luković, climate researcher at Belgrade University in Serbia and lead author of the new study. “The onset of the rainy season has been increasingly delayed since the 1960s, and as a result, the rainfall season in California has become shorter and sharper.”

The new study in AGU’s journal Geophysical Research Letters, which publishes meaningful, short-format reports with immediate implications for all earth and space sciences, is the first to quantify how much later the rainy season begins.

The results suggest that California’s wildfire season, which has worsened due to man-made climate change, will be even longer in the years to come, and Californians can expect more fires to flare up in November. 2020 was California’s worst wildfire season in history. Nearly 10,000 fires burned more than 4.2 million acres of land.

An extended dry season means there is more overlap between the forest fire season and the influx of Santa Ana winds that bring hot, dry weather to California in the fall. These winds can ignite the flames of forest fires and increase the risk of fires spiraling out of control in the late season.

The full press release can be found here.

Paper here.

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Categories
Health

5 issues you need to know earlier than the inventory market opens on February fifth, 2021

Here are the top news, trends, and analysis investors need to get their trading day started:

1. Wall Street shows the best week since November

Traders work on the trading floor of the New York Stock Exchange.

NYSE

US stock futures rose on Friday as government employment growth in January was in line with expectations. The S&P 500 and Nasdaq both rose more than 1% on Thursday to close record highs as a better-than-expected weekly jobless claims report helped improve sentiment. Thursday’s Dow Jones Industrial Average was also up 1%, or 332 points, but remained about 0.4% off its January 20th high. Before trading on Wall Street on Friday, the Dow was up nearly 3.6%. the S&P 500 gained more than 4.2%; and the Nasdaq rose over 5.4%. All three stock benchmarks had their best weeks since November.

2. Employment growth recovered in January

A worker welds a structural steel beam during production at SME Steel Contractors’ facility in West Jordan, Utah on February 1, 2021.

George Frey | Bloomberg | Getty Images

The Labor Department on Friday reported an addition of 49,000 non-farm payrolls for January, which is largely in line with estimates. The country’s unemployment rate fell to 6.3%. The economy saw monthly job losses for the first time since April in December as rising Covid-19 cases and increased virus-fighting efforts took their toll. The December deficit was further reduced to 227,000 jobs.

3. Democrats are pushing the Covid incentive without Republicans

President Joe Biden speaks with State Department officials on his first visit to Washington, DC on February 4, 2021.

Saul Loeb | AFP | Getty Images

The Senate passed a budget resolution early Friday as the Democrats pushed ahead with the process of passing a $ 1.9 trillion coronavirus aid package based on President Joe Biden’s blueprint by partisan lines. Biden has said he hopes to strike a deal with the Republicans on Covid Incentives, but the Democrats are taking steps to get the bill passed by budget vote, which means they wouldn’t need GOP votes.

4. J&J seeks FDA emergency for Covid vaccine

Artur Widak | NurPhoto | Getty Images

Johnson & Johnson filed for emergency approval with the FDA for its one-time coronavirus vaccine after data was released last week showing it was about 66% effective. If the application is approved by J&J, this will be the third Covid vaccine approved for emergency use in the US after the two-shot vaccines developed by Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna. The FDA’s Vaccine Advisory Board will review J & J’s candidate on Feb.26.

5. GameStop hops after another jump

Jakub Porzycki / NurPhoto via Getty Images

GameStop shares rose slightly on the Friday before going public, a day after they closed another 42% when online broker Robinhood lifted trading restrictions on the video game maker’s shares and other Reddit short squeeze names. GameStop’s closing price of $ 53.50 per share on Thursday was a more than 83% drop from last week’s closing price of $ 325. During the week’s 400% gain, stocks hit an all-time high of $ 483 each on Jan. 28.

The GameStop mania may not have been the retailer rebellion seen after multiple data points that institutional investors are citing as big drivers of the wildly moving up prices. It’s possible that the noise on social media has overlooked Wall Street the most by co-opting that trade to make quick money too, data also shows.

– Follow all developments on Wall Street in real time with CNBC Pro’s live market blog. Find out about the latest pandemics on our coronavirus blog.