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Solely Juan Soto can resolve whether or not his future lies with the Yankees

  • Jorge Castillo, ESPN staff writerNovember 4, 2024, 7:00 a.m. ET

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      ESPN baseball reporter. Covered the Washington Wizards from 2014 to 2016 and the Washington Nationals from 2016 to 2018 for the Washington Post before covering the Los Angeles Dodgers and MLB for the Los Angeles Times from 2018 to 2024.

LESS THAN A A year ago, the New York Yankees acquired Juan Soto and outfielder Trent Grisham from the San Diego Padres for five players, led by right-hander Michael King. It was a massive haul for a guaranteed season turned into a bargain.

Soto hit a career-best 41 home runs while battling nagging hand and forearm injuries. He ranked second in the majors behind teammate Aaron Judge in on-base percentage. He ranked third in OPS, third in wRC+, fourth in slugging percentage and fourth in fWAR. He and Judge were the most productive baseball duo since Babe Ruth and Lou Gehrig as the Yankees won 94 games, the American League East title and the AL pennant for the first time in 15 years. It was a platform year that players dream of.

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Along the way, Soto expressed his desire to become a part of team history while becoming a valued figure in the Bronx. He air hugged the roll calls in right field. He accompanied his production with plays. He shuffled in the batter's box. He stared at the mugs. He shook his head, nodded and smiled. His flamboyant relentlessness made every punch must-see television. He didn't give a pitch, let alone a plate appearance. His first year as a Yankee was unforgettable.

But now it could all be over. The Yankees' exclusive five-day window to negotiate and sign Soto ends Monday. What's next is a bidding war that could go well beyond $500 million. It's possible to surpass Shohei Ohtani's heavily deferred $700 million deal in today's value.

Soto has repeatedly said that he enjoyed his time in New York. After the Yankees won the pennant in Cleveland, Soto's father, also Juan José Soto, gushed in Spanish about his son's experiences as a Yankee.

“Spectacular. Spectacular,” Soto said during the Yankees’ on-field celebration. “The Yankees are the home of baseball. It's the brand of baseball. And there’s nothing better than playing for the Yankees.”

Now the younger Soto must decide whether he will play for them again.

FIVE NIGHTS AGOJuan Soto, the son, sat dejectedly on the bench in the home team's dugout at Yankee Stadium, watching the Los Angeles Dodgers celebrate their World Series title while his teammates and coaches gathered their belongings. He was still wearing his batting helmet. He still had his bat in his hand.

After staring at the mosh pit in the center of the diamond, he stood up, walked to one end, climbed a step to the field, bowed his head, said a prayer, looked to the sky, touched his chest, and then disappeared into the Outdoor clubhouse.

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The Yankees' season, an eight-and-a-half-month odyssey, was over. That might have been the end of Soto's pinstripe career.

An hour later, Soto, who became a free agent the next day, was bombarded with questions about his future. The 26-year-old right fielder expressed no preference for staying in the Bronx.

Have you considered that this might be your last game as a Yankee? (You never know.) Would you like to return if the money is right? (I'll weigh my options.) Do the Yankees have an advantage in re-signing you because this year has gone so well? (Each team has equal opportunities.) Does geography play a role? (I don't think so.) Do you expect the Mets to come after you? (I don't know, but I'm open to all 30 teams.)

“Leaving any place where a winning team is is always hard, and this place was definitely special,” Soto said that night. “It was great fun for me. I was really happy. Whether I'm here or not, I'm really happy for the teammates I have and the people I've met. “That was a very special group,” but at the end of the day we’ll see what happens.

The next morning, Scott Boras, Soto's agent, told ESPN that his superstar client's priority was to play for a winner. According to Boras, that means “a commitment from ownership to be competitive” and “a system that has great players and great pitching.”

“Juan loves consistently having successful organizations and successful owners,” Boras said. “The geographical part of it is that Juan and his loved ones are comfortable. That's what's most important to him. And the geography of the Major League…Juan played both games: the West Coast and the East Coast. His main thing, the priority, wins.”

The Yankees face stiff competition for Soto's services. The New York Mets, backed by the deep pockets of billionaire owner Steve Cohen, want him. The Toronto Blue Jays, Dodgers and Philadelphia Phillies are likely to be interested. The Chicago Cubs and San Francisco Giants are looking for a pivot for the franchise. The Washington Nationals, the organization that signed and developed Soto out of the Dominican Republic, would welcome a reunion.

“This will stay in my heart for the rest of my life,” Soto said after the World Series finale. “I don’t know what it will be like next year.”

THE REASON OF The Yankees chose to mortgage some of their future for just one guaranteed season. Soto was never clearer than on Oct. 19, in the 10th inning of Game 5 of the American League Championship Series, when the AL pennant was on the line.

It wasn't just Soto's go-ahead three-run homer against Cleveland Guardians right-hander Hunter Gaddis, one of baseball's best players of 2024. It was a meticulous game of chess to achieve that momentum. Soto fouled off four consecutive off-speed pitches, two sliders and two changeups before seeing a fastball and striking out. It was Soto at his best.

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“What impresses me most is how young he is and how closed-off and ready to work he is every day,” Yankees left-hander Nestor Cortes said. “I can't imagine being 25 years old and doing what he's doing and being so responsible and making a lot of sacrifices. Because I'm 25 years old in New York and have had the success that I've had, it's hard to keep a level head the whole time.”

This is how Soto behaved all year long. He hit a home run in his spring training debut in Tampa. On opening day in Houston, he hit the game-saving shot. He hit the home run that sent the Yankees to the World Series, where he batted .313 with an OPS of 1.084.

“The one thing Juan has shown us all year is a flair for the dramatic,” Yankees manager Aaron Boone said, “and a flair for big situations.”

Yankees hitting coach Pat Roessler, who worked with Soto in Washington, marveled at the slugger's work ethic. Soto, Roessler noted, has had the same routine since his time with the Nationals. He said Soto would work extra before or after games if he felt a weakness. He cited two reasons for Soto's preternatural hitting skills: an unreal ability to read shots early and a compact swing that he can repeat with extreme accuracy.

“I’ve never had a guy who could repeat his swing like that,” Roessler said.

These skills made Soto a superstar on his 21st birthday and a World Series champion five days later. This led the Nationals to offer him a 15-year, $440 million contract extension two years ago. When he declined, he was transferred to San Diego. A year and a half later, Soto, a talent comparable to Ted Williams, was traded again to the Yankees – his third team in less than three years. It was a trade that Boras emphasized would not have happened had Padres owner Peter Seidler not died the previous month.

“Peter Seidler would never have traded Juan,” said Boras. “We were certainly very similar in terms of economics, thinking about who Juan Soto was and what his value was.”

The question now is whether Soto's resume will expand to include a fourth club in less than four years.

“Anyone would be lucky to have him,” Cortes said. “I’m sure this organization really wants him back.”

Yankees shortstop Anthony Volpe said he wanted Soto to return “as much as you could probably want.”

Veteran slugger Giancarlo Stanton, who was never a free agent, had no advice for Soto, just a request with a smile: “Just stay with us.”

All signs point to Soto being willing to stay — and equally open to leaving. He's been waiting for this moment for years, ready to finish bouncing back and forth from coast to coast – ready for a permanent home. Now it's time to reap the rewards of its success and test the market.

His season in the Bronx could have been spectacular. There may be nothing better than playing for the Yankees. That doesn't mean he will do it again.

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Technology

Apple Intelligence will assist AI turn into as commonplace as phrase processing

When Apple's version of AI, branded Apple Intelligence, rolls out to people in October with the company's latest hardware, the reaction will likely be a mix of delight and disappointment.

AI capabilities will bring helpful new features as they make their way into Apple's walled garden, such as: B. Text summaries in emails, messages and Safari; image creation; and a more context-aware version of Siri.

But as Apple Intelligence's beta tests have already made clear, the performance of these features is well below what big players like OpenAI, Google and Meta offer. Apple AI will not come close to the quality of document summarization, image or audio generation, which cannot be accessed by any of the frontier models.

But Apple Intelligence will do something that none of its flagship offerings can: change the perception of AI and its role in everyday life for a large proportion of users around the world.

The real impact of Apple AI will not be practical, but moral. It will normalize AI and make it seem less alien or complex. This frees the AI ​​from the idea of ​​cheating or cutting corners. It will help a critical mass of users overcome the threshold of doubt or mystification about AI and create a level of comfort and acceptance, even a level of trust.

Overcome early doubts

Generative AI has faced two problems since ChatGPT was launched in 2022. Many have wondered what its real purpose is, or whether it is truly useful in the face of hallucinations and other problems rooted in training data. Others questioned the ethics of using AI, seeing it as a form of fraud or copyright infringement.

But as we've learned over the last few months, language models are most effective when they work with our own documents and data, as with platforms like NotebookLM or GPT4o, which can now handle more than 50 to 100 books of material we upload.

The output of the prompts we run – in the form of article or lecture summaries, reports, slide decks, and even podcasts – is much more accurate and useful than the output of previous chatbots. Apple Intelligence leverages these insights by targeting most of its AI capabilities toward user data rather than data on the web.

Domesticating AI

Since Apple Intelligence works primarily with our own data, much of its output will likely reflect the higher quality output we see with tools like NotebookLM – compared to AI that works primarily with large amounts of anonymous training data, like ChatGPT in its early days.

When AI works primarily with user data – and often does – a new association will emerge in people's minds between generative AI and personal information, rather than between different training data. It will likely lead us to view AI as something essential to our personal routines, such as reading email or catching the morning news.

This, in turn, will make the use of more powerful tools such as GPT4o or Claude more socially and ethically acceptable. Once we get into the habit of using AI to summarize or edit our emails, summarize articles on the Internet into concise summaries, or edit images into photos, we will think less about whether it makes sense to use NotebookLM for creation a first draft of a memo or create a report or use Dall-E to create images.

“AI for the rest of us”

Apple has a long history of making complex technologies more accessible to everyday users, and that's their goal for AI.

When word processors first came onto the market in the late 1970s and early 1980s, there was a similar uncertainty about the appropriateness of using them to write things—the belief that something authentic or human about writing by hand would be lost.

For many, computers themselves were too daunting to embrace. But Apple's Macintosh personal computer, with its graphical user interface and WYSIWYG (“what you see is what you get”) functionality, helped domesticate and normalize the use of computers for writing. Over time, writing would become so closely linked to word processing that we would hardly be able to imagine one without the other.

Apple Intelligence could do for generative AI what the Mac or graphical user interface did for PCs: help tame it and make it seem ordinary and acceptable. Apple's marketing team points this out in its slogan for Apple Intelligence: “AI for the rest of us.”

If history is any guide, Apple will play a key role in changing the way we think about AI. Doing many of our basic tasks without it may soon seem unthinkable.The conversation

Robert Diab, Professor, School of Law, Thompson Rivers University

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

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Health

Bristol Myers Squibb (BMY) Q3 2024 earnings

The Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development Center at Cambridge Crossing in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, on Wednesday, December 27, 2023.

Adam Glanzman | Bloomberg | Getty Images

Bristol Myers Squibb on Thursday reported third-quarter earnings and sales that beat Wall Street expectations thanks to its blockbuster blood thinner Eliquis and a drug portfolio that the company expects to drive long-term growth.

The pharmaceutical giant also raised its full-year sales forecast and expects sales to increase by around 5%. Bristol Myers previously said it forecast revenue growth in the “high end” of low single digits.

The company also raised its adjusted 2024 earnings forecast to 75 cents to 95 cents per share, up from a previous forecast of 60 cents to 90 cents per share.

The results come as Bristol Myers seeks to cut costs by $1.5 billion by the end of 2025 and put that money into key drug brands and research and development programs. The company said in April that this would include laying off more than 2,000 employees, shutting down some drug programs and consolidating its locations, among other things.

The company's shares rose more than 4% on Thursday.

Here's what Bristol Myers reported for the third quarter compared to Wall Street's expectations, based on an LSEG analyst survey:

  • Earnings per share: $1.80 adjusted vs. $1.49 expected
  • Revenue: $11.89 billion versus expected $11.28 billion

Bristol Myers had third-quarter net income of $1.21 billion, or 60 cents per share. By comparison, net income in the year-earlier period was $1.93 billion, or 93 cents per share.

Excluding certain items, the company reported adjusted earnings per share of $1.80 for the quarter.

The pharmaceutical giant's sales rose 8% to $11.89 billion compared to the same period last year.

The increase is due to Eliquis and the company's so-called growth portfolio, which includes a cancer drug called Opdivo. However, sales were partially offset by leukemia drug Sprycel, which faces generic competition due to its loss of exclusivity.

The company is preparing to offset lost sales of top-selling drugs that will lose market exclusivity, including Eliquis, Opdivo and Revlimid, a blood cancer drug.

Sales of Eliquis could also take a hit in 2026 when a new price for the drug goes into effect for certain Medicare patients following negotiations with the federal government. The first round of these price talks, a key provision of President Joe Biden's Inflation Reduction Act, concluded over the summer.

Notably, during the quarter, the Food and Drug Administration approved Bristol Myers Squibb's highly anticipated schizophrenia drug Cobenfy. It is the first novel treatment for the debilitating, chronic mental disorder in more than seven decades.

Eliquis, new drugs record growth

Eliquis reported revenue of $3 billion in the quarter, up 11% from the same period last year. That was above the $2.84 billion analysts had expected, according to StreetAccount estimates.

The blood thinner Bristol Myers shares Pfizeris expected to lose its market exclusivity by 2028.

Revlimid posted revenue of $1.41 billion, down 1% from the same period last year. That beat analysts' revenue expectations of $1.11 billion for the treatment, according to StreetAccount.

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Revenue from the company's growth portfolio was $5.8 billion in the third quarter, up 18% from the same period last year.

This was driven in part by higher demand for anemia drug Reblozyl, which brought in $447 million in the third quarter, up 80% from the same period last year. Analysts polled by FactSet had expected the treatment to bring in $435 million in sales.

Advanced melanoma treatment Opdualag, lymphoma treatment Breyanzi and Camzyos, a drug for certain heart diseases, also helped boost growth portfolio sales in the third quarter, the company said.

According to StreetAccount, Breyanzi and Camzyos posted revenue above analysts' expectations, while Opdualag fell short of estimates.

Opdivo posted third-quarter revenue of $2.36 billion, up 4% from the same period last year. This was below analysts' estimate of $2.41 billion for the quarter, according to StreetAccount.

Meanwhile, Abecma, a cell therapy for a rare blood cancer called multiple myeloma, posted revenue of $124 million in the quarter. Analysts had expected sales of $110 million.

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Science

The mining {industry} wants $2.1 trillion in new funding to satisfy internet zero demand for uncooked supplies – are you okay with that?

Not many people know that

By Paul Homewood

Only a trillion or two left!

Despite the increase in metal supply over the past decade, BloombergNEF's (BNEF) annual Transition Metals Outlook concludes that there are still not enough raw materials to meet growing demand. This supply shortage could slow the adoption of clean energy technologies. To meet the demands of a net-zero emissions world, BNEF estimates that $2.1 trillion in new mining investment will be required by 2050.

The report suggests that key energy transition metals such as aluminum, copper and lithium could face primary supply shortfalls this decade – some as early as this year. According to BNEF's Economic Transition Scenario (ETS) – which is based on the cost competitiveness of technologies and does not require new policy support – the world could need 3 billion tonnes of metals between 2024 and 2050 to support low-carbon solutions such as electric vehicles, wind turbines and electrolysers. This number rises to 6 billion tonnes to reach net zero in 2050.

Kwasi Ampofo, head of metals and mining at BNEF and lead author of the report, said: “The persistent deficit in these metals will lead to higher commodity prices, increasing the cost of clean energy technologies.” High costs could slow their adoption and the overall energy transition. “

https://about.bnef.com/blog/mining-industry-needs-2-1-trillion-dollars-in-new-investment-by-2050-to-meet-net-zero-demand-for-raw- Materials-finds-bloombergnef-in-new-report/?tactic=925520&pchash=

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Entertainment

Kieran Culkin opens up about how the dying of his sister Dakota Culkin is affecting him now

Kieran Culkin thinks about his bond with his late sister.

The Consequence Star – who grew up in New York City with his six siblings, including the child star Macaulay Culkin– recently reflected on the difficulty of losing his sister Dakota Culkin In 2008, after she was hit by a car in Los Angeles.

“I only knew who I was because of my siblings,” Kieran said CBS Sunday Morning in an interview published on November 3rd. “So losing one meant losing a big piece of myself.”

And the 42-year-old – who shares children Kinsey Sioux5, and Wild wolf3, with wife Jazz Charton– explained that his grief is just something he is learning to live with.

“Losing one of my favorite people in the world doesn’t get any better,” he continued. “It doesn’t get any easier, but you get used to it.”

But even though he has grown up both in life and in his career, Kieran – who played Roman Roy in HBO'S Consequence from 2018 to 2023 – has ensured that Dakota’s influence remains.

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Technology

Rivian is providing $3,000 off electrical automobiles to gasoline and hybrid automobile house owners

Early November typically kicks off the Black Friday sales season, and this year Rivian figures it's the perfect time to get gasoline drivers excited about its electric vehicles.

If you own or lease a gasoline-powered vehicle, even a hybrid, Rivian is willing to give you $3,000 off the purchase of one of its select all-electric vehicles—no trade-in required.

The Irvine, California-based automaker's offer extends to customers in the U.S. and Canada and runs through November 30, 2024. The program applies to Rivian 2025 R1S or R1T Dual Large, Dual Max or Tri Max models purchased in R1 Shop were purchased.

Rivian's new All-Electric Upgrade offer represents a change from a previous trade-in program that ran between April and June. There, owners of select 2018 Ford, Toyota, Jeep, Audi and BMW gas-powered vehicles could trade in their vehicle and receive up to $5,000 toward the purchase of a new Rivian.

This time, R1S or R1T Rivian buyers simply need to provide proof of ownership or lease of a gasoline or hybrid vehicle when ordering to receive the discount.

Rivian won't be the only automaker offering discounts in November. Weak auto sales from giants like Stellantis and rising new car inventories due to improved supply chains suggest automakers and dealers will compete for big incentives through the end of the year.

This follows several years of limited supply as a result of the COVID pandemic, which led to higher prices in North America.

According to CarEdge Insights, average car sales prices continue to be above what would be considered affordable. However, prices are expected to continue to improve along with increasing inventories.

According to CarEdge, the Stellantis brands enter November with the most inventory, followed by GM and Ford. Toyota and Honda, on the other hand, have the lowest inventories, meaning they likely won't be under pressure to offer big incentives.



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Sport

Do the 3-5 Cowboys nonetheless have a playoff path above the NFC East?

  • Todd Archer, ESPN staff writerNovember 4, 2024, 6:00 a.m. ET

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      Todd Archer is an NFL reporter for ESPN covering the Dallas Cowboys. Archer has covered the NFL since 1997 and Dallas since 2003. He joined ESPN in 2010. You can follow him on Twitter at @toddarcher.

ATLANTA – Has the Dallas Cowboys' season hit rock bottom after Sunday's 27-21 loss to the Atlanta Falcons dropped them to 3-5?

It depends on how you want to look at things.

If you just want to see that the next three opponents are the Philadelphia Eagles, Houston Texans and Washington Commanders, who are a combined 19-7, then maybe not. This is shaping up to be another 2020 season (6-10) or, look, 2015 (4-12).

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If you want to focus on the impending returns of Pro Bowl edge rusher Micah Parsons (ankle) and cornerback DaRon Bland (foot), and further down the line, wide receiver Brandin Cooks (knee) and defensive end DeMarcus Lawrence (foot), then you can figure out a way to get to the playoffs for the fourth straight year.

And perhaps the hamstring injury that forced Dak Prescott out of Sunday's game isn't that serious, and the shoulder injury that CeeDee Lamb later suffered isn't that serious either.

“Sometimes in this league you just need one.” [win]”It takes one to get it going, get the confidence back, feel good and bounce back from there.” So we're not looking too far into the future, it's about getting our bodies healthy again close [Monday] And then we'll try everything in our power to put in our best performance next week at home against a good Philly team.

Last week, Prescott called the Atlanta game a must-win for the Cowboys, who had a 63% chance of making the playoffs at the start of the season, according to ESPN Analytics. With Sunday's loss, they have an 8% chance of winning, trailing only the Panthers, Giants and Saints in the NFC.

With a score of 3:5, their best path to the postseason – although not that easy at the moment – ​​is through the NFC East. They are currently 3½ games behind the Commanders and 3 behind the Eagles.

Prescott has an 11-2 record against the Commanders in his career. He is 9-4 against the Eagles. He hasn't lost to the Giants since 2016, his rookie year, and has won 13 straight times against them, including a win in Week 4 this season.

“Well, we really need to keep the focus on what’s important,” coach Mike McCarthy said. “I felt like we did that at the start of the game. We have to win a game. I know everyone wants to talk about the long term. We suffered five defeats. We know exactly where this will take us and what it will take to get there.” “

play

0:19

Mike McCarthy slams the tablet after Darnell Mooney's wide open TD

After Darnell Mooney scores a touchdown on fourth down, Cowboys coach Mike McCarthy shows his frustration by throwing a tablet on the ground.

A McCarthy-coached team has never made the playoffs with a record below .500 after eight games. As coach of the Packers in 2018, they went 3-4-1 before finishing 6-9-1 in a season in which he was fired with four games to play. In 2006, his first year in Green Bay, the Packers went 3-5 en route to 8-8.

In 2020, the Cowboys were 2-6 and finished 6-10.

The Cowboys have only started the playoffs 3-5 once: in 2018. That season, they made a bold trade for wide receiver Amari Cooper, who ended their season with an NFC East title and a 3-5 playoff win increased to 10:6.

Guard Zack Martin is one of five players who remain either on this team's current 53-man roster or on injured reserve: Prescott, backup QB Cooper Rush, RB Ezekiel Elliott and Lawrence are the other four.

“Absolutely that’s what we want to do,” Martin said. “I've said this before, there is absolutely no secret to this matter. We have to get right back to work and we just have to get our confidence back and go out with some spoils and expect to win.”

What comes first: the wins or the confidence?

“I mean, we need to have some confidence before the wins come, right?” Martin said. “So we have to believe we can win and play like that.”

But even when healthy, the Cowboys didn't play like that.

Against the Falcons, they were penalized nine times for 55 yards, including too many penalties before the snap. They converted only three third-down chances and none in the first half. The Lamb averaged more yards per rush (7.5) than yards per catch (5.9).

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Defensively, they were better, but still couldn't get a stop in the red zone and allowed three pass plays of 22 yards or more. Kirk Cousins ​​was sacked twice but threw three touchdown passes. The Falcons averaged just 3.3 yards per rush, but Bijan Robinson controlled the pace of the game.

“We have too many self-inflicted wounds,” McCarthy said.

Maybe the Cowboys will make a trade before Tuesday's deadline that will help, although Jones cautioned that any deal wouldn't be as big as Cooper's. Maybe the offensive line starts playing well and the running game finds its rhythm (21 carries, 137 yards). Maybe the takeaways will return when Parsons and Bland return. Maybe the big games will return when Cooks gets healthy again.

Perhaps.

“I mean, we have the guys in here. We just have to take ownership of this as players and we have to go out there and execute our plays better,” Martin said. “We cannot defeat ourselves and fall into a hole. Our error rate is too low for that. Back to work. And everything we want to do is ahead of us, right?”

“We have a lot of division games coming up and we need to get one and get going.”

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Science

Plastic waste on our seashores is now seen from house, in accordance with a brand new examine

According to the United Nations, the world produces about 430 million tons (267 U.S. tons) of plastic annually, two-thirds of which is only used for short periods of time and quickly becomes waste. In addition, plastics are the most harmful and persistent fraction of marine debris, accounting for at least 85% of all marine debris. This problem is easily seen in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch and the amount of plastic waste that washes up on beaches and shores each year. If no action is taken to address this problem, the annual flow of plastic into the ocean could triple by 2040.

One way to address this problem is to improve global tracking of plastic waste using Earth observation satellites. In a recent study, a team of Australian researchers developed a new method for detecting plastic waste on our beaches and successfully tested it on a remote stretch of coast. This satellite imaging tool distinguishes between sand, water and plastics based on the difference in light reflection. It can detect plastics on coastlines from an altitude of more than 600 km (~375 miles) – higher than the orbit of the International Space Station (ISS).

The paper describing their tool, “Beached Plastic Debris Index; “A Modern Index for Detecting Plastic on Beaches,” was recently published by the Marine Pollution Bulletin. The research team was led by Jenna Guffogg, a researcher at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University (RMIT) and the Faculty of Geoinformation Science and Earth Observation (ITC) at the University of Twente. She was joined by several colleagues from both institutions. The study was part of Dr. Guffogg's joint doctoral research supported by an Australian Government Research Training Program (RTP) fellowship.

Dr. Jenna Guffogg said plastic on beaches, as well as in open waters, can have serious impacts on wildlife and their habitats. Photo credit: BPDI

Current estimates suggest that humans dump well over 10 million tons (11 million US tons) of plastic waste into our oceans each year. As plastic production continues to increase worldwide, these numbers are expected to rise dramatically. What ends up on our beaches, just like in open waters, can have serious impacts on wildlife and marine habitats. If these plastics are not removed, they will inevitably break down into micro- and nanoplastics, another major threat to the environment. Dr. Guffogg said in a recent press release from RMIT University:

“Plastics can be confused with food; Larger animals get tangled and smaller ones, like hermit crabs, get caught in things like plastic containers. Remote island beaches have some of the highest plastic densities ever recorded in the world, and we are also seeing increasing amounts of plastic and abandoned fishing gear on the remote coasts of northern Australia.

“While the impacts of these marine plastics on the environment, fisheries and tourism have been well documented, methods of measuring the precise extent of the problem or targeting cleanup efforts, sometimes most needed in remote locations, have been hampered by technological limitations. “

Satellite technology is already being used to track the plastic waste floating in the world's oceans. These include relatively small drifts containing thousands of plastic bottles, bags and fishing nets, but also huge floating garbage islands such as the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. In 2018, this garbage patch was approximately 1.6 million km2 (620,000 mi2) in size and consisted of 45,000–129,000 tonnes (50,000–142,000 US tons). However, the technology used to locate plastic debris in the ocean is largely ineffective in detecting plastic on beaches.

Geospatial scientists have found a way to detect plastic waste on remote beaches, bringing us closer to global monitoring capabilities. Photo credit: RMIT

A big part of the problem is that plastic can be mistaken for specks of sand when viewed from space. The one from Dr. Guffogg and her colleagues' Beached Plastic Debris Index (BPDI) gets around this by using a spectral index – a mathematical formula that analyzes patterns of reflected light. The BPDI is specifically designed to map plastic waste in coastal areas using high-resolution data from the WorldView-3 satellite, a commercial Earth observation satellite (owned by Maxar Technologies) that has been in operation since 2014.

Thanks to their efforts, scientists now have an effective way to monitor plastic on beaches, which could help with cleanup efforts. As part of the remote sensing team at RMIT, Drs. Guffogg and her colleagues developed similar instruments to monitor forests and map bushfires from space. To validate the BPDI, the team tested it in the field by placing 14 plastic targets on a beach in south Gippsland, about 200 km (125 miles) southeast of Melbourne. Each target was made of a different type of plastic and was two square meters in size – smaller than the satellite's pixel size of about three square meters.

The resulting images were compared to three other indices, two for detecting plastics on land and one for detecting plastics in aquatic environments. The BPDI outperformed all three as the others had difficulty distinguishing between plastics and sand or misclassified shadows and water as plastic. As study author Dr. Mariela Soto-Berelov explained, this makes the BPDI far more useful for environments where water and plastic-contaminated pixels are likely to coexist.

“This is incredibly exciting as we have not previously had a tool to detect plastics in coastal environments from space. The beauty of satellite imagery is that it can cover large and remote areas at regular intervals. Detection is an important step in understanding where plastic waste accumulates and in planning cleanups that are consistent with multiple Sustainable Development Goals, such as protecting seas and oceans.”

The next step is to test the BPDI tool in real-world scenarios. To do this, the team will work with various organizations dedicated to monitoring and solving the plastic waste problem.

Further reading: RMIT, Marine Pollution Bulletin

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Health

Trump says RFK Jr.'s plan to take away fluoride from public water 'sounds effective to me'

Robert F. Kennedy Jr. and Republican presidential candidate and former U.S. President Donald Trump attend a campaign rally sponsored by the conservative group Turning Point USA in Duluth, Georgia, United States, on October 23, 2024.

Carlos Barria | Reuters

Former President Donald Trump said Sunday that Robert F. Kennedy Jr.'s proposal to remove fluoride from the U.S. water system “sounds fine” to him, a position that contradicts the advice of health officials.

“Well, I haven't talked to him about it yet, but it sounds fine to me. They know it's possible,” Trump said in an interview with NBC News' Dasha Burns when asked about Kennedy's proposal.

Kennedy wrote on X on Saturday: “On January 20, the Trump White House will advise all U.S. water systems to remove fluoride from public water.”

Trump also said that Kennedy would play a large role in shaping public health policy in any Trump administration.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, fluoride occurs naturally in almost all water sources and some is added to public water to prevent tooth decay.

“The safety and benefits of fluoride are well documented and have been extensively reviewed by multiple scientific and public health organizations,” says a post on the CDC website.

The American Dental Association says 70 years of research supports the safety and effectiveness of adding fluoride to water, a process known as community water fluoridation.

The Trump campaign did not immediately respond to CNBC's request for comment on the fluoride remark.

Kennedy is also a known vaccine skeptic who has helped spread false conspiracy theories about public health. When asked by NBC News whether a “ban on certain vaccines would be considered” if Trump were president and Kennedy was in his administration, Trump left the door open.

“Well, I'll talk to him and other people and make a decision, but he's a very talented guy and has strong views,” Trump said.

The science on fluoride and water fluoridation is clear. But Trump's doubts, and the questions they could raise among voters about what public health might look like in a Trump White House, underscore a serious challenge for the Trump campaign in its final days: staying on message.

Last weekend, insult comedian Tony Hinchcliffe called Puerto Rico a “floating island of trash,” something the Trump campaign distanced itself from.

Those comments dominated the news cycle for several days until President Joe Biden appeared to call Trump supporters “trash” before later saying that wasn't what he meant.

Republicans argue that voters are not paying attention to every controversial statement from Trump and his allies this week and are instead focusing on the larger issues in the race.

“Voters in Michigan, Ohio, Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, Georgia and North Carolina are all talking about crime and unemployment,” Sen. Tim Scott, R-S.C., said Sunday on CNN’s “State of the Union.”

“They’re talking about the border. You're talking about 70,000 Americans losing their lives to fentanyl. They don’t talk about fluoride.”

Categories
Technology

AI might remodel visible results in movies – however the rising discipline is fraught with copyright issues

While many people in the creative industries fear AI could steal their jobs, Oscar-winning film director James Cameron is embracing the technology. Cameron is famous for the films “Avatar,” “Terminator,” and “Titanic.” Now he has joined the board of Stability.AI, a leading player in the world of generative AI.

In Cameron's Terminator films, Skynet is an artificial general intelligence that has become self-aware and is determined to destroy the humans who attempt to disable it. Forty years after the first of these films, the director appears to be switching sides and allying himself with the AI. So what's behind it?

Valued at around $1 billion, Stability.AI was, at least until recently, headquartered above a chicken shop in Notting Hill. It is famous for Stable Diffusion, a text-to-image tool that creates hyperreal images from text queries (or prompts) from its users. Now it's about AI-created videos.

Cameron seems to see her work as a potential game changer in the field of visual effects in films: “I was at the forefront of CGI over three decades ago and have stayed at the cutting edge ever since. Now the interface between generative AI and CGI imaging is the next wave,” he commented in a media release from Stability.AI.

Filmmakers complement the live-action reality they shoot with two types of effects: special effects (SFX) and visual effects (VFX). They occur in two different phases of film production. During filming, SFX are any physical effects used to create a spectacle – explosions, blood spatters, vehicle crashes, prosthetics, mechanical movement of sets.

During post-production, VFX are the digital systems that add new elements to the live-action film images – computer-generated imagery (CGI), compositing, motion capture rendering. They also combine images taken separately.

According to James Cameron, the intersection between generative AI and CGI image creation is the “next wave” in VFX.
Paul Smith Featureflash / Shutterstock

A recent development in film technology, Virtual Production, has incorporated some VFX techniques into filmmaking. So-called “games engines” are used – a technology that was developed for the creation of video games. Actors are filmed in front of sophisticated LED walls that depict dynamic, pre-produced virtual worlds around the actor.

The real-world physicality of SFX means that artificial intelligence will have very limited impact here. AI can have a transformative effect, especially in the VFX area. I will be speaking about the topic of deepfakes and AI in film at a public lecture on October 30, 2024: “Deepfakes and AI in film and media: Seeing is not believing”.

We are also exploring the topic as part of the Synthetic Media Research Network, a group I co-lead that brings together filmmakers, academic researchers and AI developers. I spoke to a member of this collective, Christian Darkin, a VFX artist who now works as Head of Creative AI for Deep Fusion Films.

He sees the impact of generative AI on VFX in creating endless choices in post-production. In the future, filming the actors will only be the beginning. “You're going to add the background later, you're going to change the camera angles, you're going to change the facial expressions, you're going to increase the emotion in the acting, you're going to change the voices, the costumes, the people's faces, everything,” Christian told me.

A major motivation for the film industry to integrate AI into VFX is simple: the cost of traditional VFX. If you've seen the end credits of a blockbuster movie, you know how many VFX technicians are employed there. Generative AI offers a more cost-effective way to achieve spectacular on-screen images, potentially without any loss of quality.

The result is that many VFX technicians will lose their jobs as a result. However, from the conversations I've had with people working in these roles, I feel that their high level of skill and technical knowledge means they are likely to move on to new roles in emerging technology areas.

The Ethics of AI Technology

Media creators now have a huge selection of generative AI tools at their disposal, offering new ways to create images, text, voices and music. However, a key question surrounding the technology remains to be answered: were these AI tools developed ethically?

Every generative AI tool, from ChatGPT to Midjourney to Runway, is built on a basic model that has been exposed to massive amounts of data, often from the Internet, to improve its work. This process is called “training.”

AI developers are building vast reservoirs of training data by deploying “crawlers,” bots that scour the Internet for useful material and download trillions of files for their own use. This may include books, music, images, spoken word and videos created by artists who retain copyright to their material.

Stability.ai has been involved in a copyright dispute in the UK courts. Getty Images, owner of a huge collection of images and photographs, is currently suing the company.

A former Stability.ai executive, Ed Newton-Rex, resigned in November 2023 because the company sought creative content to train the model without pay, claiming it was “fair use.”

Perhaps Cameron believes that the AI ​​developers will win the court cases against them and continue on their technological path. I asked Stability.ai if, before Cameron joined the company, they had pulled any of his creative materials from the Internet to use as training data for their base models – and did they ask his permission?

Their response was: “We cannot comment on the source of Stability AI’s training data.”

Cameron's Terminator films warned of the potential catastrophic effects of fraudulent AI. But the director is now clearly convinced that he is now sitting on a winning horse.The conversationThe conversation

Dominic Lees, Associate Professor of Filmmaking, University of Reading

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.