Month: March 2025

There are several well -documented health risks that result from expenditure of extended periods in microgravity, including muscle atrophy, bone density loss and changes in organ function and health. In addition, astronauts have reported symptoms of immune function, including rashes and other inflammatory diseases. According to a new study, these problems could be due to the extremely sterile environment in spacecraft and the International Space Station (ISS). Their results suggest that more microbes could help improve human health in space.

The study was run by Rodolfo A. Salido and Haoqi Nina Zhao, an Bioengineer and an environmental analysis at the University of California San Diego (UCSD). They were made by researchers from several UCSD programs and centers, the University of Denver, the Chiba University-Uc San Diego Center for immunology allergy and vaccines from the university (CMAV), space research within reach, the Baylor College Center for Space Medicine, the Blue Marble Space Institute of Science (BMSIS) (BMSISIS) Office), the organic John office and the Planetary Protection Group, and the organic John office in the NASA office in the NASA office in NASA, the Astonit office and the planetary protection and planetary protection in Aston.

The study was a joint effort with astronauts on board the ISS, the 803 different surfaces – 100 times as high as earlier surveys – loathed in order to obtain a census of microbes on board the station. The researchers identified which bacterial species and chemicals were present in every sample, and created three -dimensional cards to illustrate where each of them was found and how they could interact. Their results show that the ISS has a much lower variety of microbes compared to people with people on earth.

The NASA Astronaut Catherine (Cady) Coleman, Expedition 26 Flight Engineer, is mapped in the Harmony node of the International Space Station with a dust and its content. Credit: NASA

Overall, the team found that chemicals from cleaning products and disinfectants were omnipresent in the entire station and that astronauts usually introduce microbes on board the ISS by dandruff. They also found that different modules on the basis of using the module house various microbial communities and chemical signatures. For example, food and food preparation areas contained more food in connection with food, while the room toilet of the ISS contained more urine and faecal matters microbes and organic products of the metabolism (metabolites).

“We have found that the abundance of the disinfectant on the surface of the international space station correlates strongly with the variety of microbioma at various locations in the space station,” said Zhao in a press release of cells. These results suggest that more microbes from Earth could help improve the health of the astronauts. Salido said:

“Future environments, including space stations, could promote deliberately diverse microbial communities that better imitate natural microbial exposure on Earth instead of relying on strongly sanitary spaces. If we really want life to thrive outside of earth, we cannot simply bring a small branch of the tree of life into space and hope that it works. We have to think about which other useful companions we should send with these astronauts to help you develop ecosystems that will be sustainable and advantageous for everyone. ”

The team found that microbial communities on board the ISS were less diverse than most places on earth, except where urban, industrialized and isolated environments (ie hospitals) were affected. They also found that the ISS surfaces had no freely living environmental microbes that are normally found in soil and water. Similar to the well -documented advantages that have gardening for the human immune system, the researchers conclude that the inclusion of these microbes and their substrates in the ISS could improve the health of astronaut without affecting hygiene.

Astronauts on the international space station are experiencing an Orbital new job. Credit: NASA/ESA

“There is a big difference between exposure to healthy soil of garden and the dirt in our own dirt.

With a view to the future, the researchers hope to refine their analyzes in order to recognize potentially pathogenic microbes and how environmental metabolites can be used as indicators of astronaut's health. The team claims that these methods could also help improve the health of people who live and work in similar sterile environments on earth.

This research was supported by the National Institute of Health (NIH), Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, UCSD, the Center for the Advancement of Science in Space (Casis) and the ISS National Laboratory. The paper, in which its results “The International Space Station shows, has a unique and extreme microbial and chemical environment driven by usage patterns” was published on February 27 in the Journal Cell.

Further reading: Eurekalert!

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High costs/kWh of W/S systems that have been pushed on a brainwashing
What is generally not known, the more weather-dependent W/S systems are the other conventional generators, which inefficiently counteract the increasingly greater heights and depths of the W/S performance. See URL
https://www.winddaskforce.org/blogs/fuel-and-co2-rections-due-t-t-wind-energy- Less-than-Claimed
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W/S systems increase the total tax of electricity for electricity. The more W/S systems, the higher the costs/kWh, as in Great Britain and Germany, with the highest electricity rates in Europe and near zero growth BIPS, with the highest electricity rates
At around 30% W/S, the entire system hits an increasingly thicker concrete wall that is operational and more precious.
Great Britain and Germany drove more and more hours to the wall every day.
The electricity costs delivered to the users rose with each additional W/S/B system
.
Basic load core, gas and coal, aquatic plants are the only rational way forward, and the additional CO2 is very advantageous for additional flora and fauna growth and increased crop yields to feed hungry people.
https://www.winddaskforce.org/profles/blogs/wearein-a-co2-famine
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The subsidies shift the costs of project owners to interest payers, taxpayers, state debts:
1) Tax credits by the federal government and the state, up to 50% (tax credit of 10 percent – federal tax credit of 30 percent – state tax credit and other incentives of up to 10%);
2) 5-y accelerated depreciation from the entire project;
3) Loan interest rate deduction
.
The subsidies reduce the ownership and operating costs of a project by 50%, which means that electricity can be sold at 50% less than production.
Pay supply companies 15 c/kWhWholesale, after 50% subsidies, for electricity of resolved Offshore wind systems
Pay supply companies 18 C/kWhWholesale, after 50% subsidies, for electricity of floating Offshore wind
Pay supply companies 12 c/kWhWholesale, after 50% subsidies, for electricity of Larger solar Systems
.
Excluded costs, in future 30% without annual penetration into the network, based on Great Britain and German experience:
-Onshore grid expansion/reinforcement to connect distributed W/S systems, for example 2 C/kWh
-A fleet of traditional power plants to counteract quickly with variable edition, less than minute to minute, 24/7/365, which for more BTU/kWh, more CO2/kWh, more costs of leading approx. 2 C/kWh
-A fleet of traditional power plants, in 1) periods with low wind, 2), in the morning to store the rotors, and 3) low solar days during tomorrow, in the evening, night, snow/ice on panels, which leads to more BTU/kWh, more CO2/kWh, more costs for the cost of more costs for more costs for more costs for more costs for the cost of more costs Costs for costs for more costs for the costs for the cost of more costs for costs for the costs for more costs for more costs for more costs for more costs for more prices for more prices for more pricing costs for more costs for more costs for costs for more costs for more costs for more costs for more costs for more costs for more price costs. approx. 2 C/kWh
– Pay with system owners for electricity could have produced, if not limited, approx. 1 C/kWh
– Import electricity to high prices when the W/S power is low1 c/kWh
– Export electricity at low prices when the W/S production is high1 c/kWh
– disassembly on land and at sea, reprocessing and storage at dangerous waste, stations, approx. 2 C/kWh
Some of these values ​​increase exponentially when more W/S systems are added to the network
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The economic/financial madness and environmental damage from everything are from the charts.
No sore
This economy was bound to knots by crazy people.
Your taxpayers build these projects so that you have much higher electricity invoices.
Remove your tax money with your voice and none of these projects would be built, and your electricity invoices would be lower

On December 3, 2018, the NASA Urprices, the spectral interpretation, the resource identification and the security regolite explorer (Osiris-Rex) successfully took the Bennu of Naherde-Salenoid (NEA) 101955. In the next two years, the Stein and Regolith samples from the surface of the asteroid collected. Until September 24, 2023, the rehearsal return capsule (SRC) entered the earth's atmosphere and was collected by NASA scientists. The analysis of these samples already provides insights into the conditions during the early solar system.

According to a recently carried out study, the well -known trajectory and the time of the return of the SRC offered a rare opportunity to record geophysical signals that were created by the capsule using a new method. Since it was traveling with hyper -sound speeds when it flew through the atmosphere, the return of the SRC led to a sound boom that affected the floor. Using the distributor (Distributed Acoustic Sensing) and fiber-optical cables with surface-strong surfaces), the team carried out the first reported recording of an SRC re-entry with distributed fiber-optical recording technology.

The team was made by Dr. Carly M. Donahue led and consisted of her colleagues from the Earth and Environmental Sciences department in the Los Alamos National Laboratory (Lanl) as well as the Department of Geosciences at Colorado State University and the fiber optic-based Silixa LLC. The paper, which describes its results “Detection of a spatial capsule in the earth's atmosphere with distributed acoustic cereal (das)”, recently appeared in the magazine Seismological Research Letters.

The sample return capsule from the Osiris Rex mission can be seen shortly after the appearance in the desert in Utah on September 24, 2023. Credit: NASA/Keegan Barber

Since the end of the Apollo era, scientists have examined rehearsal return capsules that have entered the atmosphere of the earth. These studies have helped scientists to return safe and effective methods for missions of samples and to provide an insight into the atmospheric entry of meteoroids and asteroids. So far, these studies have used infrastrate and seismic sensors to record the resulting geophysical signals. Dr. However, Donahue and her team saw an opportunity because the trajectory and the Timing of the SRC of Osiris-Rex Mission were known in advance.

Like Dr. Today Donahue said by e -mail to Universe, the re -entry was a chance for her to test the systems with fiber optic cables to record the geophysical effects generated by the Sonic Boom. “The system that question an optical fiber is still relatively rare,” she said. “If we know in advance, the exact trajectory gave us the narrow opportunity to set several the interrogators near the point of the highest heating and to conquer the sound boom if it influenced the soil.”

The team rapidly used two das-hearing and more than 12 km (7.45 mi) of fiber optic cables with surface systems. Your network comprised six compiled seismometer infrasound sensor couples, all of which were distributed at two locations near the city of Eureka in the desert of Nevada. Like Dr. Donahue described:

“As soon as the team rolled out the 4 coils of the optical fiber, each weighed over 100 kg, the installation and rels of the fiber needed less time than building the six co-located seismic and infrastination stations. About 5 km of the optical fiber were located at the local Eureka airport, together with many other teams that use sensors such as Infrasund, Seismic and GPS. The other 7 km fiber were located along a remote gravel road in Newark Valley. “

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hwrv7x69uci

With the help of this network, the team received a breathtaking profile of the sound boom when it hit the floor. The interrogators recorded an impulsive arrival with an extended coda that had similar features as the characteristics recorded by the seismometers and infrastensors. While traditional sensors only measure the sound booms at one point, Dr. Donahue that her team's data showed how the wave front of the boom had an impact on the irregular area of ​​the landscape in Nevada.

In addition to the first time, these methods were used to record SRC recovery, but also the results of this test to predict a potential meteor and asteroid strike. Said Dr. Donahue:

“With an extremely dense series of sensors, this gives the opportunity to better characterize the trajectory and the size of a meteor. It is known that the topology (e.g. hill) of the soil has an impact on the wave front that was recorded on the surface of the earth. Through a dense line of sensors that extend over the changes in the increase in earth, these effects could be better taken into account in order to create a more precise characterization of the trajectory of a meteor. “

After completing its main task, NASA prepared the Osiris-Rex the spaceship for the next phase of its mission. In 2029, the spaceship-in Osiris-APEX (Apophis Explorer) will be renamed the near Earth-Salenoid 99942 Apophis and collects a different sample.

Further reading: GeoscienceWorld

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