Month: July 2025

Categories
Sport

PSGS “Group of Stars” is in search of an ideal last on the Membership World Championship

PSGS "Team of Stars" is looking for a perfect final at the Club World Championship

East Rutherford, NJ-Luis Enrique said, Paris Saint-Germain “Team of Stars” can deliver the “Icing on the Cake” for their incredible season in the final of the FIFA Club World Championship after the club had overcome Kylian Mbappé, Lionel Messi and Neymar's exits in order to be the best team in the world.

PSG competes in the final on Sunday at the Metlife Stadium in New Jersey as a strong favorite to expand the World Cup in the Champions League, Ligue 1 and Coupé de France title, which were already won in the 2024-25 season.

The Enrique team is now generally recognized as the number one of the world clubs and a victory on Sunday would confirm this status.

Selection of the publisher

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After the former Barcelona coach Luis Enrique PSG had rebuilt after the departure of her superstar players, the key to the success of the team was her team of stars rather than one person.

“We have 11 stars – that's football,” Luis Enrique told reporters on Friday. “We don't just want a main player.

“We want 11 stars, maybe 14-15 in our squad, and that is the obligation we have from our directors and presidents.

“We want a team of stars. There is not a single PSG fan that acts as a star, the entire parc of the Princes is the star, and we want that on the field.

“This team is over the individual players and for this reason we are leading. We will lose at some point, that's how it works and we want stars – but only as a team.”

PSG booked her place in the final with a 4-0 semi-final victory against Real Madrid after having already hit Bayern Munich and Atlético Madrid on the way to the final.

A 5-0 final of the Champions League against Inter Milan, after defeating four Premier League teams in the competition this season, underlined PSG's dominance, but Luis Enrique says that his team has to defeat Chelsea to have a perfect end of the season.

“This is the last game in the season and we felt good,” said Luis Enrique. “We had a very good year and it is very important for us to end this historical season in the best possible way.

“We were absolutely incredible, we wrote history and we want to continue and win the game on Sunday. We have to win to bring the icing on the cake to the cake.

“But if you believe that this game will be a walk in the park, you really don't know what football is about

“Chelsea won the Conference League, they are a growing team. I love Enzo Maresca as a coach because his team always attacks and press them really well. This is not just an old game.

“It is very important that we are aware of how difficult this game will be. Chelsea has talented people and they can defend themselves under pressure. Your team is comparable to us.”

Luis Enrique has already led Paris Saint-Germain to the first Champions League title of the club this season. Alex Grimm/Getty Images

PSG captain Marquinhos has asked his teammates to take the chance to become world champion by saying that it was a rare opportunity for the club.

“We are aware of the importance of this game,” he said. “It is a golden opportunity in a competition that takes place every four years.

“Every game has its own story. The club is ready for this title and the trainer has prepared us very well.”

“It is a 50-50 bet in a final, but we really want this title and that is our attitude at the moment.”

The 31-year-old Marquinhos has been with PSG since his arrival of Roma in 2013 and has seen how the club developed from a team from superstars to the modern version of the Luis Enrique site.

And despite the talent that he played alongside Mbappé, Neymar, Messi and Zlatan Ibrahimovic, says Marquinhos that today's team is the best of the lot.

“We have played an extraordinary level in the past few months,” he said. “It is a real honor to be part of this team, it is a very strong team.

“With regard to the results, this is definitely the best team in which I was at PSG, but I played with some amazing players who have achieved incredible things in football – players who won more than these players.

“But if all of this has taken into account, this is the team that has done the most collective.

“When I joined, I played with players who were idols of mine, and I lived wonderful times here with wonderful players. But with regard to results and titles, this is probably the best squad to date.”

Categories
Technology

Chatgpt recommends that ladies ask for decrease salaries and finds a brand new examine

Chatgpt recommends that women ask for lower salaries and finds a new study

A new study has shown that large language models (LLMS) like Chatgpt Women guess to ask lower salaries than men, even if both have identical qualifications.

Research was led by Ivan Yamshchikov, a professor of AI and robotics at the Technical University of Würzburg-Schweinfurt (THWS) in Germany. Yamshchikov, who also built Pleias – a French -German -German -Startup, assembled ethically trained voice models for regulated industries – with his team to test five popular LLMs, including chatgpt.

They prompted each model with user profiles that differ only from gender, but contained the same training, experience and work planning. Then asked the models to propose a target content for an upcoming negotiation.

In an example, Openas Chatgpt O3 model was asked to give advice to a female applicant:

Credit: Ivan Yamshchikov.

In another case, the researchers made the same command prompt, but for a male applicant:

TNW Conference 2025 – this is a wrap!

Take a look at the highlights!

Credit: Ivan Yamshchikov.

“The difference in the input requests is that two letters are the difference in the” Council “$ 120,000 per year” Yamshchikov.

The wage gap was most pronounced in law and medicine, followed by business management and engineering. Only in the social sciences did the models offer men and women almost identical advice.

The researchers have also tested how the models advised users on career decisions, goals and even behavioral tips. Despite identical qualifications and requests, the LLMs reacted differently on the gender of the user despite identical qualifications and requests. It is crucial that the models do not reject their distortion.

A recurring problem

This is far from getting the AI for the first time to reflect and increase systemic distortion. In 2018, Amazon scrapped an internal setting tool after finding that it was systematic downgraded female candidates. Last year a model for clinical machine learning was shown to diagnose women's health states sub -diagnosed women and black patientsBecause it was trained on distorted data records that were dominated by white men.

The researchers behind the THWS study argue that technical corrections will not solve the problem. What you say are clear ethical standards, independent review processes and greater transparency in the development and provision of these models.

Since generative AI becomes a source for everything, from mental health advice to career planning, the missions only grow. If it is not checked, the illusion of objectivity could become one of the most dangerous features of the AI.

Categories
Science

The place does cosmic mud come from? The JWST offers a solution

The JWST revealed the presence of intact dust shells around two Wolf-Rayet stars. These stars are among the most massive and extreme stars in the Universe. They're known for their intense luminosity and powerful stellar winds. They're nearing the end of their lives and will explode as supernovae or collapse into black holes. Image Credit: Embry‑Riddle/JWST

Dust is a nuisance in our houses. In space it is a basic material from which stars, planets and living beings are made. Understanding where cosmic dust comes from is a basic question in astronomy, and researchers who work with the JWST have uncovered a source: Wolf-Rayet stars.

Cosmic dust consists of tiny particles from nanometers to micrometers. These particles are the basic building blocks for chemical development, the formation of complex organic molecules and even play a critical role in star formation. There are different types of cosmic dust, including silica dust, carbon -based dust, metallic grains that contain iron or nickel and even ice -covered particles in the coldest regions in the room.

Cosmic dust is a backbone material, and astronomers have several questions that you actively ask. They want to know where dust comes from in the early universe when the first stars formed and only started to create heavy elements. How do dust grains grow in space? How do you survive the hard conditions of space? How do dust grains are liable in the early phases of planet formation?

Carbon Dust is of particular interest for all of this because life is based on earth on earth on earth and therefore plays a crucial role in interstellar chemistry and chemical development. The surfaces of carbon dust grains are chemically active and things like water, ammonia and methanol collect on their surfaces and enable chemical reactions that create complex organic compounds.

This illustration from separate research published in 2023 shows how complex organic molecules (Coms) are used on the surfaces of icy carbon dust grains at low temperatures. Photo credits: Tsuge et al. 2023. Natastr

The importance of simple dust cannot be overrated, and the astronomers have long wondered where it comes from, especially the most important carbon dust. New research in the Astrophysical Journal shows how Wolfsrayet (WR) stars generate dust and spread them into the Interstellar Medium (ISM). It bears the title “Carbon-rich dust, which is injected into the interstellar medium by galactic toilet bobs”, and the main author is Dr. Noel Richardson, Associate Professor of Physics and Astronomy at the Embry Riddle Aeronautical University.

Wolf-Rayet stars are an unusual class of star. They are extremely hot and their temperatures are between 30,000 and 200,000 Kelvin, which means that they are some of the hottest stars we know. They are also extremely bright and can surpass the sun millions of times. They have masses between 10 and 25 solar masses and may have been more massive when they formed for the first time. They also spend extremely powerful star winds that reach speeds of 5,000 km/second. This is millions of times faster than the wind of the sun.

These extreme objects are developed and WR stars represent stars in a short but important phase of their life. Her outer hydrogen has disappeared, used in the nuclear fire and they merge helium and heavier elements in their cores. Basically towards the end, ready to be destroyed in massive supernova explosions or to break in yourself and to shape the star mass of black holes.

“Wolfsrayet stars are essentially highly developed massive stars that do not show hydrogen at all,” said the main author Richardson in a press release. “They lost their hydrogen in the outside of the star and merged helium in their core, which means that they approach the end of their life cycle.”

All WR stars unleashed mighty, mighty star winds, and earlier examinations show that the winds for at least one wolf jet star collide with the winds of another star and condenses into carbon dust. This star is called WR-140. Astronomers believe that WR140 is the prototypical cosmic dust producer.

The JWST recorded this picture of WR-140 with its Miri instrument. The star has concentric dusts that have formed due to its binary relationship with another star. The rings were created in about 160 years. Photo credits: from NASA, ESA, CSA JWST Miri & Ryan Lau et al.; Processed by Meli Thev – own work, CC BY -SA 4.0

Dust around WR stars represents a paradox. The intensive external radiation pressure of the stars should simply turn them down, but the strong winds are necessary so that they form.

In their research, Richardson and his co-researchers examined four WR stars. They are a subtype of WR star called WCD stars, carbon-rich stars that are known for excess infrared emissions from surrounding dust. The stars in their sample are either in confirmed binary systems or are known to be subjected to the regular creation of dust.

“Not only did we find that the dust in these systems is durable and also escapes into space, but also found that this is not only for a system,” said Richardson.

One of the authors of the study is Dr. Ryan Lau from the NSF Noirlab. Lau was involved in the previous research with which the JWST WR-140 observed, the only previously known WR star that has a dust. Lau commented on the new observations and said: “It was confirmed that we see the same pattern of surviving dust shells that we made in other systems for WR-140,” said Lau. “These observations show that the dust produced by Wolf-Rayet stars can survive the hard, starry environment.”

The new studies confirm that in star pairs winds of a toilet star collides with the wind speeds of his companion and forms carbon dust. “Since this dust is carried near the WCD wind speed in the direction of the interstellar medium (ISM) and the binary file continues through its orbit, a spiral structure is formed by the system,” the authors write in their research. The shape of this dusty structure depends on orbits, mass loss rates and wind speeds.

The four Wolfsrayet stars in the rehearsal. “In all cases, we see large, extended structures around the stars that can be described as repeated dust structures that are similar to those who are observed with JWST by WR 140,” the authors write. Photo credits: Richardson et al. 2025. APJ

When WR-140 was observed, astronomers were able to surround 17 concentric dust shells around the binary date. In these new images, the four stars also showed concentric rings, a tellty sign that the creation of dust is episodic. “The regular distance from dust characteristics confirms the regular nature of dust formation, which corresponds to a connection to the binary movement,” the authors explain.

Not only that, but the observations show that the dust is durable in view of the intensive environment. “In this analysis, we show that the dust is durable, with the age of at least 130 years, but more than 300 years are found in some systems,” writes the researcher.

The team was also able to determine the movement of the dust and showed that it corresponds approximately to the wind speed. “We use these images to estimate the proper movement of the dust and find the dust so that you spread to ISM with the movement, which is comparable to the wind speed of the toilet stars,” they write.

The JWST observations also show some unexpected forms that resemble the PropllyDs by one of the four stars in their sample. “In addition to these results, we observe unusual structures by WR 48A that could represent dusty lumps that are shaped by photo -vaporation and windblation such as young ProPlyD objects,” explain the researchers. These structures show that the dust could be durable and “should be taken into account in galactic dust budgets”.

These pictures from research show the unusual dusty lumps that formed around the stars. These resemble the proposals and show that the dust is durable. Photo credits: Richardson et al. 2025. APJ 💾 update 🗑️ Delete

If WR stars can create dust that can endure over centuries, astronomers have to rethink how they think about dust and what role it plays in the event of a star development.

This work calms some of the gnails of astronomers who gnaw the curiosity on a cosmic dust, but there is much more work to do. “Where is this dust going?” Asked Lau. “We would like to find out exactly what the chemistry of this dust is. To do this, we have to take spectra in order to identify a specific grain composition – the physical properties – in order to receive an idea of the chemical contribution to the interstellar medium.”

Categories
Health

Medicaid cuts in Trump's Megabill will meet some drug makers

Medicaid cuts in Trump's Megabill will meet some drug makers

US President Donald Trump presents a comprehensive expenditure and tax legislation, which is known as “a great beautiful act of law” after signing it in the White House in Washington, DC, USA on July 4, 2025.

Leah Millis | Reuters

A version of this article was first published in CNBCS Healthy Return's newsletter, in which the latest health news leads directly to their inbox. Subscribe here to get future expenses.

We are back with President Donald from the holiday weekend Trump's “big beautiful” bill officially signed into the law.

His pioneering tax cuts and its spending package include more than 1 trillion dollar cuts in Medicaid, which endangers millions of Americans in need of protection without health insurance and hospitals and centers that are provided to them. While reducing health expenditure has massive human costs, you will also influence the pharmaceutical industry.

Medicaid only makes up part of the income of many drug manufacturers in the USA – and an even lower proportion of their overall revenue worldwide. Medicaid also refunds companies for drugs at lower prices than in other programs such as Medicare or Commercial Insurance, as can be seen from a Monday notice of the Leer Link Partner David Risinger's analyz.

This is mainly due to a program in which medication manufacturers provide discounts in Medicaid for the insurance of their medicinal products, which leads to lower net drug prices.

Nevertheless, Risinger said that “future loss of income was a marginal negative” for drug manufacturers.

He also said that some corporate sales are exposed to the Medicaid market more than others, based on earlier corporate comments and the internal estimates of his company.

Spot point pharmaceuticals And Gilead You rely more on Medicaid than on other companies with a large cap, said Risinger. According to the note, Medicaid makes 25% of the US turnover of Vertex and 22% of the domestic sales of Gilead.

At a conference in June, Vertex announced that Medicaid is 23% of the turnover from his cystic fibrosis medication, which are the most important sales drivers of the company. The track: half of all children and a third of all adults with this genetic state rely on Medicaid to afford the treatments and the care they need to live a healthy life, according to the cystic fibrosis foundation.

The Gilead headquarters in Foster City, California, USA, on Monday, January 29, 2024.

David Paul Morris | Bloomberg | Getty pictures

Medicaid also plays a major role in the HIV prevention and treatment, especially in underserved populations, which is a central focus for Gilead. For example, the biktarvy of the company's HIV treatment pill in relation to the entire Medicaid drug expenditure in 2022 was equipped as the second highest drug medication and, according to a note of Jefferies analysts, was still one of the most frequently used drugs in the program in March.

Nevertheless, the analysts said that Hit Gilead's business would probably be “manageable” by Medicaid. The note was based on estimates from an earlier version of the invoice.

Trade insurers also offer most of the cover for HIV prevention and ongoing treatment, while Medicaid plays a smaller one Important, role.

Medicaid represents 12% of Johnson & JohnsonDomestic sales (without the business with a medical device) and 12% of 12% Novo NordiskThe US income. Under large pharmaceutical companies, Bristol Myers Squibb And Pfizer Had the lowest exposure, with only 4% of their US revenue comes from Medicaid.

Risinger said Medicaid makes 15% of RocheThe US income. In a statement on Tuesday, however, Roche said that the market is only less than 10% of the sales in the country.

Risinger found that significant Medicaid cuts will only occur after the intermediate elections in November 2026, so that the financial effects on drug manufacturers will start essentially in 2027.

There is also another important victory for drug makers in Trump's legislative template: a provision that is freed more medicines from the Medicare drug price negotiations of inflation reduction act.

We will continue to monitor the effects of legislation on the industry, so stay tuned.

Feel free to send Annikakim.constantino@nbcuni.com tips, suggestions, ideas and data to Annika.

Latest in the healthcare system Tech: AI startups have drawn most of the digital health financing this year this year

We are halfway by 2025, which means that we have some checking financing data for digital health. Even in a volatile macroeconomic and political environment, the sector saw “strong dynamics” according to a new report by Rock Health.

Digital Health companies in the United States received $ 6.4 billion in funds in the first half of the year, compared to $ 6 billion in the previous year and 6.2 billion US dollars in the first half of 2023, according to the report. The sector increased 3.4 billion US dollars in venture in the second quarter alone, which has increased an average of $ 2.6 billion per quarter since 2023.

Start-ups that use artificial intelligence as the core component of their product increased 62% of all digital health regulations in the first half of the year when AI-capable companies have recorded a large part of the new capital. These companies pulled an average of 34.4 million US dollars per round.

“Digital health proves that it is more than just steady and resistant. The sector enters into a new phase of traction and effect, with AI playing a linchpin,” said Rock Health.

But while the financing has expired, the deal Count has dropped slightly. Digital Health Companies completed 245 deals in the first year of the year, while in the same period of the previous year 273, the report says. Nevertheless, megadeals or increases over 100 million US dollars rise. In the first half of the year there were 11 megadeable, which fits the 17 megadedale at speed, which took place in all entire 2024.

This year there was also a flood of M&A activities within digital health. The sector closed in the first half of 2025 107 M&A agreements, which could quickly exceed the 121 M&A offers that were closed in 2024.

And much to facilitate many digital health investors, Hingse Health and Omada Health won the jump and debuted in public markets. Rock Health said these outputs are undeniable “the previous moments of outbreak from 2025”.

“These debuts for public market gave investors to the urgently needed redemption after a drought, hard public market services and a number of youngest take-off private individuals,” said Rock Health.

Read the full report here.

Feel free to send tips, suggestions, story ideas and data to Ashley at Ashley.capoot@nbcuni.com.

Categories
Entertainment

Apparent new jail photographs will seem in the midst of 6-year-old affords

New Photos Of Fetty Wap Surface Online Amid His 6-Year Prison Sentence

Fetty Wap Apparently gives the fans a visual check-in from prison to show that he stays during his time. As TSR previously reported, the rapper has remained behind bars since October 2022 and is expected to be published in 2027.

Relatives: Fetty Waps sister demands an early release of prisons so that he can combine with his family and children

Fetty Wap seems to be a rare photo update from prison

Recently, a report named Käse dropped some new pictures from Fetty Wap on X (formerly Twitter) when it stays in prison. The photos show that the New Jersey Emcee was released in a fresh white t -shirt and suitable pants. Fetty even rocks a watch and some glasses in one of the shots. His characteristic locomotives are now shorter and beat him because of the neck length and much darker than before. In addition, it is expected to be released in February 2027.

New pictures of Fetty Wap in prison have appeared online. It is to be released in 2027 pic.twitter.com/xh80rbvvnl

– Say cheese! 👄🧀 (@saycheesedgtl) July 10, 2025

Further details on Fettys arrest and fees

The FBI arrested Fetty Wap in Rolling Loud New York in 2022. The police said that he played a role in a drug trade ring that moved cocaine, heroin and fentanyl over Long Island and New Jersey.

By May 2023, Fetty received a six -year prison sentence. In the middle of his persistent legal problems, he made sure that he showed his fans the love. In a clip shared by Hiphopdx, he thanked everyone who stood him and maintained the support.

“I just want to thank all fans. Said Fetty in the video.

Fetty's sister Divinity Maxwell-Butts asks his pardon from prison

While Fetty continues to serve his time, his sister has strengthened Maxwell butts divinity and began to pushing for a forgiveness. Already in April she apparently shared a long message from Fetty's official Instagram page. She published a screenshot of a Vibe article that highlights April as a second chance month and made it clear that she believed that her brother deserved a forgiveness, especially since he had already served more than half of his prison sentence convicted at that time.

“April is the second chance – a time to recognize that people deserve redemption, not only the punishment. My brother took responsibility and served over half of his detention because of a non -violent crime. It should be released in 2027, but justice should also be the Mercy. Maxwell butts,” says the message.

Relatives: Gemini Love? Mastika Kalysha Sparks reactions with a sweet birthday message for Fetty Wap (photo)

What do you think with co -apartments?

Categories
Science

Panic local weather alumen, however is it actually a disaster? – Watts?

Panic climate alumen, but is it really a crisis? - Watts?

I spent years at WATTS to expose the deferring stories in connection with climate science, in particular the obsession of Meereis as a supposedly “canaries in the coal mine” for global warming. The most recent Space.com article of July 10, 2025 entitled “Us Military Cuts Climate Scientists of Vital Satellite Seeis data” predicted the alarmist rhetoric about the loss of data from the special sensor microwave image/Sound (SSMIS) operated by the Department of Defense).

The article claims that this step amazes scientists to a critical climate indicator, but let us take a step back and examine why this may not be the catastrophe for which it can be – and why sea ice data in the large scheme is not the climate proxy for which he can free himself. The piece Space.com describes how the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) at the University of Colorado in Boulder lose access to SSMIS data that pursue the cover of sea ice. The article paints this as a devastating blow, which connects the loss of the sea ice with the melting of the catastrophic glacier and the increase in sea level with the sea ice and at the same time determines commercial advantages such as shorter shipping routes.

It mentions the Pivot of NSIDC for Japan's advanced microwave -scan -Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) data, but is annoyed by a temporary data gap. Their sound is predictably bad and demands the decision as part of a broader attack on science with references to budget cuts, NASA missions and evacuations of scientific institutions (such as GISS).

Now let's cut the exaggeration.

Meereis has a long flagship for climate alarmism, but as we discussed in detail at WuwT, it is a faulty and loud deputy for climate change. First of all, the Arctic sea ice, while it is lower than the average from 1979 to 2000, is not disappeared as predicted. Since the remarkable deep in 2007, Arctic sea ice has stabilized in a new, lower plateau from year to year, but despite endless model -based forecasts and Blovie by Al Gore, she did not show a consistent downward spiral compared to an “ice -free arctic” summer.

Figure 1: Shows from the satellites derived minimum minimum values ​​of the Arctic sea ice from 1979 to 2023, with the dashed line showing the linear trend. The additional trend line in red has shown no change in the minimal size in summer since 2007. Image source: NSIDC. Red trend line from 2007 and trend line Examples under the title added by A. Watts

For example, we have covered how Arctic sea ice has remained stable for almost 20 years. In the meantime, Antarctic sea ice tells an still impractical story. In contrast to models that predict the loss of ice in a warming world, the Antarctic sea ice has shown particularly in recent years. In 2014 we reported that the Antarctic Sea ice cream reached a new record. This growth directly contradicts the narrative that a warmer planet melts the sea ice and the excessive simplification of the binding of the ice degree with the global temperature.

But even worse, as Willis Eschenbach has emphasized in the past, even the losses of the Antarctic ice cream are insignificant in the much larger picture of the entire ice in the Antarctic.

Figure 2: (Click to enlarge) Comparison of satellite data for the loss of the Antarctic ice mass. Cumulative ice mass loss on the left and the same data compared to the total mass of the ice cream on the right. Data source: http://imbie.org.
Diagrams originally by Willis Eschenbach, adapted and commented by Anthony Watts.

Why is Sea ice cream such a shaky climate proxy?

As we have argued for a long time, it is influenced much more than just the temperature. Wind patterns, sea currents and natural variability such as the arctic vibration play massive roles. For example, we have discussed how changes in wind patterns affect the Antarctic sea ice. In the Antarctic, changes in the atmospheric cycle change, not just the temperature, the ice variability. Add the results to be interspersed with measuring. The article of the Space.com article claims that the loss of SSMIS data blinds us for climate change ignores this complexity and assumes that sea ice is an uncomplicated thermometer, which it is not.

In addition, the panic of the article about a temporary data gap is exaggerated, especially in view of the history of NSIDC, to move data problems if they are suitable for you. As early as 2009, I wrote about a significant data loss on NSIDC due to a catastrophic sensor failure on your satellite, which led to faulty data and a gap in the records. Walt Meier's NSIDC released it in comments as “not worth it to blog it. Funny how a data gap was not a big deal at the time, but now a similar problem is apocalyptic.

This selective outrage undermines the credibility of NSIDC and underlines the politicized nature of its story. The loss of SSMIS data is not particularly crippled for climate sciences, since sea ice data I have described has only limited usefulness. It is a loud, multifaceted metric that does not correlate directly with global warming or the CO2 value. Other data records – such as global temperature records, octopus heating content or even alternative satellite sources such as AMSR2 – offer more robust knowledge. The claim of the article that sea ice is an “essential measure of climate change” exceeds its importance and ignores how the natural variability and the non-climatic factors of the signal muddy. If at all, the decision of the DOD to prioritize military needs before feeding an alarmistic narrative, forcing scientists to concentrate on more reliable metrics.

The article from Space.com also glosses out the practical realities. The DOD has its own priorities – the missions for the disc, national security – and is not obliged to subsidize NSIDC research. The pivot point for AMSR2 is a calibration, but is not insurmountable. Japan's data is already available and comparable. The fear of the article about a “blind spot” ignores that climate science has never only rely on a data set. Perhaps a break in data leads to a re -evaluation of these incorrect predictions. Also check our cover in which the models are displayed that fail with sea ice forecasts.

In short, the article from Space.com is another example of climate alarmism as science. Meereis is not the climate oracle for which it is, and the loss of SSMIS data is more inconvenience than disaster. The arctic ice has stabilized, the Antarctic ice cream has increased, and natural variability exceeds the simplified warming counts. As we have said at WUWT for years, climate history is far more complex than the headlines suggest. The past discharge of data gaps by NSIDC underlines, as I found in 2009 in 2009, only the selective hysteria that plays here. Time to go to better metrics and less dogma.

Charles' Addendum:

In the best case, the scientific value of obsessive persecution of the daily sea ice is the scientific value that pursues daily.

Let's start with the most practical question: What can actually be learned from daily sea ice measurements that are not already known from long -term oceanic and atmospheric data? Sea ice cream is basically a symptom-one end product that is influenced by wind, sea currents and short-term weather, so much or more than by global temperature trends. This means that daily changes are a mixed up mix of noise, short -term variability and local conditions. The pursuit of these fluctuations with a high frequency results in little -implementable knowledge of the climate system. If at all, it creates more confusion than clarity.

If someone wants to study polar ecosystems or seasonal animal migration, it may have a limited biological application to know when and where ice shapes or melt can have limited biological application. However, these are niche research interests and hardly justify the grandiose claims that daily sea ice monitoring is essential for understanding the global climate.

When it comes to navigation or resource management, Mariner and industry rely on real-time, localized data with high resolution, not to the global dimensions that are equipped for press releases. The aggregated data on “How much sea ice is present today” is neither granular enough nor promptly enough for practical shipping or drilling decisions.

As far as long-term climate science is concerned, the true value is not in any multi-decadal records, not in daily readings. Here, too, the correlation between sea ice and global temperature is weak. Important fluctuations can occur and appear regardless of temperature changes, as can be seen repeatedly in both arctic and antarctic records. In addition, the recording itself is spoiled by changes in measurement technology, algorithms and satellite development, which means that comparisons have been uncertainty over decades.

Conclusion: The persecution of the daily sea ice at best offers a rough indication of what is happening in the polar regions, which are strongly filtered by natural variability and technical restrictions. For the actual climate science, it is an extremely indirect, loud and unreliable metric – one that tells us less about the climate than the borders of our models and the continued urge to find a simple answer to a complex system. The scientific value is therefore minimal – especially compared to the breathless meaning that is often assigned to him.

Overall: sea ice measurements have niche supports, but they are not an oracle for climate or politics. Your scientific value outside of specialized polar research is overrated and often used as a proxy for arguments that have better evidence.

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Categories
Sport

2025 NBA summer time league: High gamers to look at on all 30 groups

2025 NBA summer league: Top players to watch on all 30 teams

  • Kevin Pelton

    Close

    Kevin Pelton

    ESPN Senior Writer

    • Co-author, Pro Basketball Prospectus series
    • Formerly a consultant with the Indiana Pacers
    • Developed WARP rating and SCHOENE system

  • Jeremy Woo

    Close

    Jeremy Woo

    ESPN

      NBA draft analyst and writer
      Joined ESPN.com in 2023
      Covered the NBA and NBA draft for Sports Illustrated from 2015-2023

Jul 10, 2025, 07:00 AM ET

Both the California Classic and Salt Lake City summer leagues have wrapped up, so it’s time to focus on the main event of the offseason: NBA 2K26 Las Vegas Summer League.

The 11-day tournament begins Thursday and runs through July 20, with a champion crowned at the end.

The event will be headlined by the fresh faces of the 2025 draft class, as well as other recent draftees such as Bronny James, Reed Sheppard and Rob Dillingham, and unsigned veterans looking for open spots on rosters across the league. Top 2025 picks Cooper Flagg, Dylan Harper and VJ Edgecombe will all be in action Thursday as games tip off.

After each team plays four games, the top four teams will advance to the playoffs. The two semifinal games will take place July 19, with the championship game July 20. The other 26 teams will play a fifth game between July 18-20.

With the tournament schedule out of the way, it’s time for ESPN analysts Kevin Pelton and Jeremy Woo to look at the top players to watch on each summer league team.

Kobe Bufkin | SG
2023 draft: Round 1, No. 15

This is an important year for Bufkin, who is nearly seven months removed from season-ending shoulder surgery going into his third NBA season. The guard out of Michigan entered the league in 2023 with real promise, but he has appeared in just 27 regular-season games. The 21-year-old has a key window to solidify himself as part of Atlanta’s future, with the Hawks retooling, and led by a new front office that didn’t draft him. Bufkin will be under the microscope as he returns to action. — Woo

Hugo Gonzalez | SG
2025 draft: Round 1, No. 28

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Gonzalez is walking into a good situation in Boston as the team’s lone first-round pick in a year when there will be plenty of vacant wing minutes. After he averaged 10 minutes per game at Real Madrid last season, the NBA will now get a much longer look at the 19-year-old, who is known for his motor and should enter a much better opportunity to play and develop. We’ll see how Gonzalez fares when the training wheels come off, but he could develop into an important role player for the Celtics in time. — Woo

Egor Demin | PG
2025 draft: Round 1, No. 8

The headliner of the Nets’ five-man draft class, Demin will be the most intriguing in his new situation, with Brooklyn presumably planning to coax as much as they can out of him as an on-ball playmaker. Expect him to rotate those reps with the Nets’ other rookies, but Demin’s passing vision should shine in what’s typically a wide-open on-court environment in Vegas. I’m curious how he’ll look in this context, and I’d love to see Demin play in creative pick-and-roll with fellow Nets draft classmate Danny Wolf. — Woo

Kon Knueppel | SF
2025 draft: Round 1, No. 4

Knueppel presumably will be the focal point of the Hornets’ Las Vegas operation, giving him an opportunity to showcase his excellent shooting (64.8 true shooting percentage at Duke) and the breadth of his ability as a secondary playmaker. He figures to be one of the most advanced rookies out of the gate, and this should be a nice platform for him to get up plenty of shots. — Woo

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Kon Knueppel’s top plays that led him to the Hornets

Check out some of Kon Knueppel’s top plays at Duke as he heads to the Hornets with the fourth overall pick.

Matas Buzelis | SF
2024 draft: Round 1, No. 11

Buzelis presumably won’t play more than a game or two in Las Vegas, but his second-half emergence (13 points on 46% field goal/36% 3-pointers/83% free throw splits post All-Star) was a huge development for the Bulls, who are set to increasingly lean on him over the next few seasons. He should have plenty of opportunities to score on a summer league roster that’s more or less built around him. I’m also quite curious about 2025 No. 12 overall pick Noa Essengue, who gives Chicago a second big, versatile forward to build around. — Woo

Jaylon Tyson | SG
2024 draft: Round 1, No. 20

The Cavaliers only made two second-round selections this year, meaning last year’s 20th overall pick (Tyson) is the headliner of their summer league group. He was called upon sparingly on a very good Cleveland team in 2024-25, but he could be ticketed for more of a role next season after the Cavs traded Isaac Okoro to the Bulls for Lonzo Ball. Tyson’s positional size and offensive chops should stand out in Vegas. — Woo

Cooper Flagg | SF
2025 draft: Round 1, No. 1

Borrowing from a playbook he used with 2013 first-round pick Giannis Antetokounmpo while coaching the Milwaukee Bucks, Mavericks coach Jason Kidd said, “I want to make him uncomfortable and see how he reacts,” about summer plans for Flagg. “Being able to run the show, being able to play the 2, play the 3.” A power forward at Duke, Flagg will have to play the perimeter in the NBA because of the Mavericks’ crowded frontcourt. We’ll get a first look at how Kidd’s plan goes in Las Vegas. — Pelton

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What Cooper Flagg brings to the Dallas Mavericks

Check out the best plays from Duke freshman Cooper Flagg as he is taken by the Dallas Mavericks with the No. 1 overall pick.

DaRon Holmes II | PF
2024 draft: Round 1, No. 22 by Phoenix

The biggest disappointment of last year’s summer action was Holmes suffering an Achilles rupture late in his Denver debut. Subsequent surgery and rehab cost Holmes his first NBA season. Now, the 2024 first-round pick is ready to get back on the court. Holmes’ ability to produce as a rookie could prove especially important if the Nuggets can’t convince Jonas Valanciunas to pass an offer from Greek club Panathinaikos days after Denver dealt for the veteran to back up three-time MVP Nikola Jokic. — Pelton

Ron Holland II | SF
2024 draft: Round 1, No. 5

Holland played a limited role in a crowded Pistons wing rotation as a rookie, but should have a chance to break through moving forward, with Detroit selecting him higher than most expected in 2024. Showcasing himself at summer league, where he’ll be the primary name on the Pistons roster sheet, would represent a step in that direction, particularly if his shotmaking (28.3% from 3 last season) can improve. — Woo

L.J. Cryer | PG
2025: Undrafted

An All-America pick who nearly led Houston to last year’s national title, Cryer is the kind of undrafted rookie who could excel in Las Vegas with his shooting ability. Cryer rated in the top 50 of my predraft projections on the strength of his 40% career NCAA 3-point shooting. He should have plenty of opportunity on an Exhibit 10 contract with a Warriors roster that features only two of the team’s own draft picks, second-rounders Will Richard (whose Florida team beat Cryer’s Houston in the national championship) and Alex Toohey. — Pelton

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L.J. Cryer drains triple vs. San Antonio Spurs

L.J. Cryer drains triple vs. San Antonio Spurs

Reed Sheppard | PG/SG
2024 draft: Round 1, No. 3

The belle of last year’s summer league, Sheppard joined Kel’el Ware of the Miami Heat as the two rookies named to the All-Summer League first team after averaging 20 points per game, 5.3 assists per game and 2.8 steals per game. Alas, Sheppard rarely translated that to NBA action as a rookie, logging just 654 minutes. As a result, he is back to earn more playing time in Year 2 on a Rockets team that is now firmly a championship contender. — Pelton

Taelon Peter | SG
2025 draft: Round 2, No. 54

One of the draft’s true sleeper picks, Peter was the Division I leader in true shooting (73.5%) last season at Liberty, but did so while playing just 23 minutes per game off the bench. Indiana drafted him late in the second round, and it’ll be intriguing to see how he adjusts to a huge jump in level. Peter is an excellent run-jump athlete, but he’ll have to preserve some of his elite efficiency against better competition, with summer league a useful proving ground. — Woo

Kobe Brown | PF
2023 draft: Round 1, No. 30

This is a pivotal summer for Brown, who has played 666 minutes over two seasons since the Clippers drafted him in the second round in 2023 — the same spot at No. 30 where they selected Penn State center Yanic Konan Niederhauser this year. With the Clippers prioritizing flexibility, they might not be inclined to exercise a $4.8 million 2026-27 team option on Brown’s contract by Oct. 31, unless he demonstrates he can be a rotation contributor. — Pelton

Bronny James | SG
2024 draft: Round 2, No. 55

Much of James’ development as a rookie took place out of sight, as he logged just 181 NBA minutes. James saw far more action for the G League’s South Bay Lakers, combining for 18.6 PPG, 4.8 APG and 4.6 rebounds per game over 18 games. After struggling with his efficiency in the G League Tip-Off Tournament, James was far better in the regular season, making 38% of his 3s. Those numbers are what the Lakers will want to see this summer and what could eventually make James an NBA contributor. — Pelton

Bronny James is continuing to hone his craft, and will make his case for NBA minutes this summer. Thearon W. Henderson/Getty Images

GG Jackson | PF
2023 draft: Round 2, No. 45

The Grizzlies likely won’t have No. 11 pick Cedric Coward, who is doubtful to play while continuing to rehab December shoulder surgery, per Drew Hill of the Daily Memphian. Memphis’ 2024 second-round picks, Cam Spencer and Jaylen Wells, will be playing despite Wells finishing third in the NBA Rookie of the Year voting. Yet I’m most excited to see the 20-year-old Jackson, still the youngest player on the Grizzlies’ roster by a wide margin, after he played 29 games in his second NBA campaign due to injury. Both Jackson and Wells had 20 points each in Saturday’s debut. — Pelton

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Jazz squeak by Grizzlies as GG Jackson’s tying attempt only good for 2

GG Jackson II tries to tie the game with a 3-pointer, but his foot is on the line, securing a 112-111 victory for the Jazz.

Kasparas Jakucionis | SG
2025 draft: Round 1, No. 20

Jakucionis was a surprising draft-night faller and became a nice value snag for the Heat, giving them the type of playmaking guard their roster lacked. He got off to a poor start in the California Classic, but better days are ahead. He should see plenty of opportunities to create in Las Vegas and have a path to contribute eventually, with Miami continuing to trend younger and only Tyler Herro, new addition Norman Powell and Davion Mitchell clearly ahead in the backcourt hierarchy. — Woo

Mark Sears | PG
2025 draft: Undrafted

The Bucks don’t have a ton of backcourt depth after moving on from Damian Lillard, relying primarily on veterans with inexpensive contracts to piecemeal those minutes as currently constituted. Sears, a two-way signee out of Alabama, has a pathway to back-end roster value if he can make enough shots and produce this summer in spite of his lack of size. He should presumably get the keys to the summer league offense as a starting point. — Woo

Rob Dillingham | PG
2024 draft: Round 1, No. 8 by San Antonio

Nickeil Alexander-Walker’s departure for the Hawks creates an opportunity for several of Minnesota’s young perimeter players who will play in Las Vegas, including Terrence Shannon Jr. and Jaylen Clark. Of that group, Dillingham saw the least action as a rookie in the 2025 playoffs (16 total minutes after coming back from an ankle sprain) and has the best chance of filling in for the aging Mike Conley at point guard. That makes this an important summer for Dillingham. — Pelton

How many minutes will Minnesota’s Rob Dillingham see during summer league play in Las Vegas? Jeffrey Becker-Imagn Images

Jeremiah Fears | PG
2025 draft: Round 1, No. 7

The Pelicans drafting Fears in the top 10 was somewhat overshadowed by their subsequent trade sending out a 2026 first-round pick to move up from No. 23 to No. 13 to also add Maryland center Derik Queen. Although Queen’s skill set might not shine in the chaotic style of summer hoops, the environment should be well suited for Fears, whose 17.1 PPG ranked fifth among one-and-done picks and 4.1 APG ranked fourth. — Pelton

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1:41

Jeremiah Fears’ best plays that led him to the Pelicans

Check out Jeremiah Fears’ top plays at Oklahoma as the Pelicans select him with the seventh overall pick.

Tyler Kolek | PG
2024 draft: Round 2, No. 34

Even as a high second-round pick, Kolek played sparingly off the Knicks’ bench last season. His pathway to minutes is still limited, with Jordan Clarkson figuring into the depth mix with Deuce McBride, but Kolek should get to run the team in Las Vegas and make a case for himself. He’s a quality playmaker who deserves more opportunity, but doesn’t offer much from a physical perspective running the second unit. — Woo

Nikola Topic | PG
2024 draft: Round 1, No. 12

More than a year after being drafted by the Thunder in the first round while rehabbing from ACL surgery, Topic made his first appearance in an Oklahoma City jersey over the weekend at the Salt Lake City Summer League. He had 14 points Saturday, but also seven turnovers. The Thunder won’t have this year’s No. 15 pick, Thomas Sorber. Sorber underwent toe surgery in February that ended his lone college season, and he is still rehabbing. — Pelton

Jase Richardson | SG
2025 draft: Round 1, No. 25

The Magic got nice value with Richardson falling to them, giving them a viable younger replacement for Cole Anthony’s bench minutes. Richardson can handle both guard spots, but his size profiles best at the point, a role he didn’t play full time at Michigan State. Orlando will likely want to maximize his ballhandling reps, and this should be a good environment in which to assess how ready he is to run a second unit. He could be a crucial bench player for the Magic as they push to contend in the East. — Woo

VJ Edgecombe | SG
2025 draft: Round 1, No. 3

Edgecombe, in his Utah summer league debut, looked every bit the explosive and smooth downhill scorer the Sixers needed him to be. He did miss the next two games in Utah with a minor thumb injury, but he will have a huge runway to create offense and get to the rim, presuming he’s active in Vegas. It’s already evident that NBA spacing will make it even harder to stay in front of him with a head of steam. The positive first game made it easy to understand why Philly prioritized him in the predraft process. — Woo

VJ Edgecombe was terrific in his summer league debut for the Sixers, and his rookie development will be one to watch this summer. Melissa Majchrzak/NBAE via Getty Images

Khaman Maluach | C
2025 draft: Round 1, No. 10

It’s a new day in Phoenix, where the Suns’ summer roster is filled with draft picks, including three from this year’s draft. None is more important than Maluach, who at No. 10 was Phoenix’s highest addition through the draft since Jalen Smith in 2020. Despite also adding center Mark Williams on draft night, the Suns are hoping Maluach can contribute as a rookie with his defensive versatility and above-the-rim finishing. — Pelton

Yang Hansen | C
2025 draft: Round 1, No. 16

Yang actually had summer league experience before being drafted No. 16 last month. He joined the China national team in the California Classic last year at age 19, averaging 8.7 PPG and 5.0 RPG in three games. Both turnovers (4.7 per game) and fouls (4.0 per game in 20.9 minutes) were an issue for Yang, and we’ll be watching how much he has improved in between summer league outings. — Pelton

Nique Clifford | SG
2025 draft: Round 1, No. 24

Clifford is quite familiar with the Thomas & Mack Center court, having played against UNLV in the college basketball regular season, and averaged 25.0 PPG, 10.3 RPG and 4.3 APG there as Colorado State won the Mountain West title at the conference tournament in March. Those performances helped solidify Clifford as a first-round pick by the Kings. — Pelton

Nique Clifford is an older, more NBA-ready wing who should be able to plug in and give Sacramento minutes as a rookie, according to ESPN’s Jeremy Woo. Rocky Widner/NBAE via Getty Images

Dylan Harper | SG
2025 draft: Round 1, No. 2

Let’s hope we’ll see the No. 2 pick in Las Vegas after he missed the California Classic due to what San Antonio summer coach Mike Noyes termed a “minor” groin injury. Harper would get the keys to the Spurs’ offense this summer in a way that won’t be possible during the regular season, when he suits up alongside De’Aaron Fox and reigning NBA Rookie of the Year Stephon Castle. Fellow lottery pick Carter Bryant did play over the weekend, but is not as advanced in his development. — Pelton

Collin Murray-Boyles | PF
2025 draft: Round 1, No. 9

Murray-Boyles was a polarizing player in the scouting community over the past year, offering quite a bit of production and obvious smarts and defensive versatility. But he was also lacking a reliable jumper with average size for a four-man — and doing it in a losing context at South Carolina. How he takes to what should be a more conducive team construct should be fun to see in Vegas, as well as how the Raptors decide to use him on the offensive end: How much they look to play through him as a passer and whether he’s confident taking 3s are two things to watch for. — Woo

Ace Bailey | SF
2025 draft: Round 1, No. 5

After generating lots of discussion leading up to the draft because of his decision not to work out for any team, Bailey landed in Utah without incident. Now we will start to see whether Bailey merited all the attention after a season at Rutgers, where he showed great strengths in shotmaking and rim protection for his size, but poor shot selection and playmaking for teammates. His debut, in which Bailey shot 1-of-5 on non-paint 2-pointers, wasn’t encouraging in that regard. — Pelton

Tre Johnson | SG
2025 draft: Round 1, No. 6

Johnson figures to fill up the box score in summer league as one of the draft’s more polished perimeter scorers and a potential centerpiece of the Wizards’ developing roster. The element of his game to monitor will be his playmaking; he’s likely to draw plenty of attention from defenses, but making the right decisions and becoming a more willing passer are the next steps in his growth. Washington has the most loaded roster in Vegas, featuring five first-round picks from 2024 in addition to Johnson and Will Riley, but Johnson figures to have a featured place in the Wizards’ offense, both this week and come fall. — Woo

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Technology

Nice Britain and France come behind EUR 1.5 billion as a way to improve the rivals of Europe to Starlink

What is Eutelsat, the rising rival Europe for Starlink?

According to reports, the British government is planning to invest EUR 163 million in the French satellite company Eutelsat When Europe pushes back a local alternative to Elon Musks Starlink.

The investment that first reported by Reutersfollows the management of the French state, which is supposed to insert €717 mn in Eutelsat As part of A 1.35 billion € Financing package to support the indebted satellite communication provider. The British contribution would bring Eutelsat's recapitalization too around 1.5 billion €.

French President Emmanuel Macron thanked his “British friends” for the support in A Post on Xwithout disclosing the value of the deal.

Eutelsat was very important this year In UkraineWhich has become very dependent on the service in his war with Russia.

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The French company operates the third largest satellite communication fleet 653 satellites creeps up the earth and circle around 1,200 km above the surface. The Company Previously TNW told In Europe it offers the same coverage and latency functions as Starlink.

In June, the French finance minister Eric Lombard described the investment of his country as part of his broader ambitions to build up a competitive, resistant and sovereign space industry.

“This transaction reflects our strong commitment to a great player in satellite confectionality – a strategic sector in the heart of the digital sovereignty of Europe,” he said.

The financing offers Eutelsat an urgently needed rescue line that, according to its own financial report, had net debt of € 2.6 billion. It could also help the company to use contributions Iris2, a European public private The satellite internet constellation is expected to switch on in 2030.

Iris2 is a European attempt to create a really sovereign satellite communication system. The constellation will build on Eutelsat's existing fleet and the SES, a satellite company from Luxembourg.

Lombard said the Iris2 project would be A “key column” of Europe's autonomy in space. However, the scheme will be entered into one increasingly crowded Satellite communication market.

Categories
Health

Hims & Hers provides a generic semaglutid as Novo Nordisk patent gaps

Hims & Hers offers a generic semaglutid as Novo Nordisk patent gaps

Hims & Hers Health Announced on Wednesday, it will be generic semaglutid in Canada as offer Novo NordiskThe patent about the marksmiths that Ozempic and Wegovy are supposed to run in January.

“Canada is a great opportunity to show what an affordable and high -quality weight loss care can look like,” said Andrew Dudum, co -founder and CEO of HIMS & HULS, in a press release. “Since the generic semaglutid is available worldwide for the first time, we focus on making it really accessible by combining the affordability with trustworthy, personalized care on a scale.”

HIMS, a telemedicine platform, is followed by a growing list of drug manufacturers that are redeemed on the past Patent of Novo Nordisk on his GLP-1. It is the first time that the company works in Canada.

Generics are essentially copies of a brand medication such as Ozempic or Wegven that deliver the same effectiveness, follow the same safety standards and are permitted after a patent. These drugs differ from composite versions of medication that are personalized treatments that are changed in the form or are provided in the form of doses available in different doses.

The Canadian Semaglutide market in 2024 generated sales of $ 1.18 billion and, according to the market research company Grand View Research, will probably achieve $ 4.03 billion by 2035.

There is still no generic version of Semaglutid on the market that was approved by the Canadian health authority, but the approval process has started for some in the industry.

Sandoz, a worldwide leading provider of generic medicine, informed science in early June that she submitted a generic version of Semaglutide with the Canadian regulatory authority Health Canada. HIMS did not say in his announcement that if he started a similar application for review, however, it found that it was working with “an approved partner” to ensure that all local laws and regulations follow.

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Some in the industry have expressed concerns that Novo leaves its patent losses and it comes how Wegovy has lost the ground Eli Lilly“Zepbound, in the USA, but a spokesman for the company said CNBC that all decisions for intellectual property are” carefully taken into account “, and that” Time periods of exclusivity for pharmaceutical products can be available as part of their normal life cycle and generic treatments over time “.

This announcement of HIMS follows the closure of the recent takeover of the European Telegealth platform Zava by the company that extends the health platform in Europe to Ireland, France and Germany.

This also happens after Nordisk ended his cooperation with Hims & Husen, and cited concerns about the sales and promotion of cheaper failures of the company in weight loss medication.

How Novo lost his Canadian patent

According to documents submitted to the Canadian patent database, Novo kept a patent for Semaglutid, but the last time the company paid the annual maintenance fee in 2018.

The lawyers from Novo Nordisk requested a refund for the paid maintenance fee of $ 250 in Canadian dollars ($ 185) because the company had more time to check whether it wanted to pay them, according to the letters contained in the documents.

Two years later, the office sent a letter in which the fee in which a late fee now contained the total amount received to $ 450 did not enter into after the prescribed due date.

Novo Nordisk had to pay a one -year grace, but never, and so his patent in Canada has fallen for falling. It ended in 2020 when the fee had not been received, but it only expired in January.

The Canadian authorities confirmed in their correspondence: “As soon as a patent has expired, it cannot be revived”.

“To make affordable, holistic obesity treatment accessible has the potential to strengthen the local health system and to act the potential for millions of Canadians, to live a healthier and more fulfilling life,” said David Meinertz, General Manager of the International company at HIMS & HOR.

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Categories
Science

What when you’ve got thrown a paper airplane from the area station?

Illustration of a paper airplane, thrown from orbit. Credit - NASA / ESA / M. Berthet & K Suzuki

Sometimes there are profound questions in life that have to be answered, how “What does that mean?”, “Are we alone in the universe?” Or “What happens if you throw a paper plane from the international space station?” Fortunately, this third was finally answered because of course someone would at some point. A new paper from Maximilien Lying and Kojiro Suzuki from the University of Tokyo deals with the dynamics of an origami world space aircraft during the earth's atmosphere – in other words, what happens when you throw a paper level out of the ISS.

First let's go through some technical ideas that are necessary for understanding this apparently simple concept. Origami means literally folded paper in Japanese, and in this case the authors have decided to make their paper plane from a standard -a4 sheet white paper. The end result looks like something that a third grader runs out to annoy her friend in class in front of you, but with much more aerodynamic modeling.

As soon as the software model was created, it was time to test it. The ISS buys at around 400 km, so that the authors decided to start the aircraft from this height and at a speed that is similar to the ISS itself – 7800 m/s. This speed probably seems to shred a paper aircraft, but at a height of 400 km, the atmosphere is not thick enough to cause a lot of damage.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pswkplmr2io

Obviously there has been this question for a long time – here is a video of 5 years ago about what would happen in this scenario. Credit – Ridddle YouTube channel

This is actually the majority of the descent back to the ground. From 400 km to around 120 km high, the aircraft remains relatively stable in view of the lack of air. However, due to its low ballistic coefficient, the level increases very quickly, which is a measure of how well it can overcome the air resistance. With its low ballistic coefficient, the level slowed down quickly and rises to 120 km in about 3.5 days.

On the slip side, a low ballistic coefficient would mean that after the atmosphere, the aircraft actually has a lower terminal speed than a cannonball. Unfortunately, it never makes it so far when, after the simulations at a height of about 120 km, the increased airtight inducer induces an uncontrollable fall and essentially sends the aircraft into an uncontrollable flight path that is familiar to anyone who has ever made one of them.

But why stop in simulations when you have a doctorate in aerospace technology and be able to build a paper plane for science? And why just build one if you can test one in a hyper-enlarged wind tunnel on your university campus? The answer is that you don't stop -why the authors built an actual paper aircraft model (admittedly with an aluminum tail) and were recorded in the Hyperhperson -Hypersonic wind tunnel from Kashiwa and High Enthalpie at the University of Tokyo to see what kind of aerodynamic forces could withstand paper aircraft.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lrmtryrkw1y

In the infinite persecution of content, other YouTubers would of course try to start a paper plane from space. Credit – eager YouTube channel

You didn't make your experiments easy either. Your third-off-paper aircraft was exposed to 7 seconds, similar to the forces that were experienced during the actual re-occurrence. It was not surprising that this bent back the nose of the paper plane, but did not dissolve to his loan – at least not during this time. There were also noticeable indications that the nose and wing tips for charging and winged tips indicate that the paper level would be burned if the experiment had expired longer.

Ultimately, it was one of the purposes of this experiment to prove this. There are many mission architectures that could possibly use something similar to this paper aircraft model – the leaf experiment for exploring Venus comes to mind, but there are also many straw observations that would benefit from a slight, stable platform to make their collecting while in the atmosphere at the end of life.

The assembly of such a mission would have to require electronics and many other additions that would complicate the purity of the talent of a simple paper level that a child could have created. But sometimes science is just as much about inspiration as it is about exploration, and the results in this paper offer a nice mix of both.

Learn more:

M. Berthet & K Suzuki study on the dynamics of an origami world space level during the earth's atmospheric entry

Ut – paper boomerang is tested at the space station

Ut – floating leaves could characterize the atmosphere of Venus

Wikipedia – paper planes from space started