After the most widespread cosmological model, the first stars and galaxies formed around 300 to 400 million years after the big bang. These formed from the clouds of neutral hydrogen gas, which have penetrated the universe, which has led to a quick star formation for about 1 billion years. With the use of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), astronomers and cosmologists finally had the chance to observe some of these early galaxies. While they believed that only star -forming galaxies existed at the time, webbs showed observations something pretty surprising.
In a recently carried out study, an international team presented by Astronomers of the University of Geneva (Unige) presented Spectra, which was unveiled by the James Webb Space Telescope (Rubies) program. Their results indicate that a galaxy, when it has been assumed that galaxies still grow quite quickly, seemed to have already “deleted” this process. Their results indicate that the star formation occurred faster than expected and the “tension” between previous cosmological models and webbs deepened observations of the early universe.
The study was carried out by Andrea Weibel, Ph.D. Astronomy student at the University of Geneva and member of the Galaxy structure of the Cosmic Dawn Research Group. For him, researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy (MPIA), the Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (Ciera), the Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), the NIELS -Bohr institutions, the International Center for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR), the ARC center for Excellent Sky center for the astrofrophysichysichysichysichysichysics in 3 astroschysics, in 3 -astros -astros -astros -Aastrophysics in 3 -astro -3 center for excellent statement. Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory (Nirirab) and several universities.
Based on decades of observations, astronomers and cosmologists have found a pattern in galactic evolution. New stars form from the intergalactic medium (IGM) from the acckretters of dust and gas, which gives galaxies growing and leading to a more efficient accentation process and star formation. After all, galaxies experience “quenching”, which refers to how they stop forming new stars and being “resting”. As younger, lighter stars, these galaxies are dominated by red dwarf stars, which leads to the term “red and dead” galaxies.
The causes of extinguishing are still being discussed, with theories of outstanding winds and drainage to super -massive black holes (SMBH). However, standard models show that galaxies take a long time to achieve this phase in their development. Thanks to the progress in NIR infrared spectroscopy, astronomers used to find examples of dormant galaxies in cosmic history, but the earliest have remained difficult to grasp.
The discovery of these galaxies has questioned conventional cosmological models, since it is assumed that the Quenching process takes a very long time. “Finding the first examples of massive resting galaxies (MQGS) in the early universe is crucial because it illuminates its possible formation mechanisms,” said co-author Pascal Echesch, Associate Professor at the Astronomy Department at the Unigen Science Faculty. Thanks to WebB, this tension was only tightened, which has already found 1.2 billion years after the Big Bang according to evidence of MQGS.
Based on their analysis, Wibeh and his colleagues found that these galaxies have formed earlier and faster than previously assumed. These observations were part of the Cycle 2 of the Go program for General Observation (GO), one of the largest programs led by Europe. The campaign was based on the NIRSPEC instrument (Nahinfrarot spectrometer) from WebB to maintain spectra of thousands of galaxies with red displacement values of Z> 7 -when the universe was about 1 billion years old.
Among the observed scientists, the previous MQG (Rubies-UDS-QG-Z7) found the most distant MQG, which existed about 700 million years after the big bang. Detailed modeling shows that this galaxy has accumulated more than 10 billion solar masses of matter before they quickly become quiet. This indicates that key mechanisms in the accepted model of cosmology have to be revised somewhat. “The discovery of this galaxy called Rubies-UDS-QG-Z7 implies that massive resting galaxies in the first billion years of the universe are more than 100 times more common than predicted by a previous model,” said Weibel.
Rubies-UDS-QG-Z7 also measures only ~ 650 light years in diameter, which implies a higher star mass density than resting galaxies in the local universe. These galaxies are theorized to develop into the kernels of massive elliptical galaxies that have been observed today. “The discovery of Rubies-UNDS-QG-Z7 provides the first strong proof that the centers of some massive elliptical nearby have been available to the university since the first hundred million years,” said Anna de Graaff from the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy and the main sub-search in the Rubies program.
Further reading: University of Geneva, The Astrophysical Journal
