If super massive black holes (SMBH) were given a job description, they would tell them that they would park in the middle of a massive galaxy and consume as much gas, dust and even stars as possible. Like teenagers in front of a well -stocked refrigerator, they are happy to undertake. But even unsightly SMBHS have boundaries, and astronomers have seen one of them reached its limit.
The study by SMBHS developed significantly in 2001 as researchers with data from the XMM X-ray dwelling telescope of the ESA-Newton X-ray. XMM Newton revealed drains of overheated ionized gas made of bright AGN. Now astrophysicists know that these drains are a characteristic characteristic of AGN. New research results based on XMM News observations show a counterintuitive return flow back to a SMBHS environment.
The research observes “The introduction of an Eddington wind in the bright Seyfert Galaxy PG1211+143”. It is published in the monthly references of the Royal Astronomical Society, and the authors are Ken Pounds and Kim Page, both by the Ministry of Physics and the Astronomy of the University of Leicester in Great Britain. Pound is the main author of several papers who examine PG1211+143.
There is a limit for how much mass an SMBH can accumulate. It is called the Eddington border and it is the theoretical point at which radiation pressure with the inside of the gravitational pull is compensated for. Some objects in some situations can hide this limit and this is called Super-Eddington acceleration. During the Super Eddington acceleration, it is expected to create stationary winds. But this SMBH seems to have vice versa, as if there was just too much gas to consume it.
Astronomers have been observing PG1211+143 with xmm Newton for 25 years and have found variations in the emerging winds of the black hole. In 2001, the X-ray telescope recognized strong drains at 0.15 light speed. In 2004 and 2007, Newton discovered weaker winds. In 2015, XMM Newton PG1211+143 observed five weeks and revealed a complex speed structure in the winds.
It turned out that PG1211+143 had an inflow that delivered about 10 earth mass from material back to the black hole. In a ring -like structure, it gathered around the hole. A few days later there was a powerful new drain with 0.27 of the speed of light.
The researchers present some explanations for this strong drainage. The previous inflow could have disturbed the structure of the Korona, the ring of the covered plasma, above the accretion disc. The corona is held together by powerful and complex magnetic fields. The change in the accretion flow could be disturbed and approved by the magnetic fields that hold the Korona.
Another explanation is based on a newly recorded ring of matter that has accumulated during the temporary inflow. It was recognized by the red shift in gravity. The drain is excessive matter that is ejected by the hard drive.
The researchers were able to unravel these events by based on two observatories: the already mentioned Newton XMM, the X -rays observed, and Neil Gehrel's Swift Observatory from NASA, examined the gamma ray storms, but also recorded UV. During the Super Eddington Accretion, material creates a visually thick disc. The material in the window is so thick that photons have difficulty escaping. Swift UV observations showed that the inflow was not sufficient to disturb this hard drive.
XMM Newton found something different. The X -ray observations showed that additional mass and energy were injected into the disc by the inflow discovered in 2014.
This figure shows XMM Newton data in black and fast data in red. The second black data point comes from the orbit 2659 of space vehicles and shows the temporary gas at 0.3 light speed. “Both data records show a deep minimum flow near the orbit 2659 (day 16), followed by an increase to a peak value near the orbit 2664 (day 24),” the authors write. Photo credits: pound and page 2025. Mnras
The authors preferred explanations concern the newly recorded ring of matter. “We now suggest that the 0.27 ° C-wind was started as a direct result of the acceleration from this inner ring of the matter with a local super edington rate with excess matter, which is then emitted by radiation pressure,” the authors write.
“The establishment of the direct causal connection between the massive, transient inflow and the resulting discharge offers the fascinating view of observing a SMMBH by growing the hot, relativistic wind in connection with the acceleration of new affairs in connection with the accretion of new affairs,” said the senior author Pound.
This research shows how extraordinarily complex super massive black holes are. They perform an enormous gravitational and magnetic force that shapes their surroundings and influences their galaxies. Transient high -speed winch pull material into the black hole, heat it and sometimes exclude it in high -speed winch.
“The almost coincidence of a 0.3 ° C -Infall speed and the wind start of 2 to 3 weeks proved in the Revolution 2659 set up a physical connection,” the authors write. The discovery of a new ring of matter, which circles the hole and was populated by gas from the temporary inflow, suggest another complexity layer in Smbhs.
