Categories
Science

Local weather doomed to failure by coal … once more – with that?

Guest “I don’t care who you are. It’s funny! ”By David Middleton

HOPPY’S COMMENT
Coal is back … for now
From Hoppy Kercheval
23 August 2021

Coal is hot.

Even as the United States and many countries around the world commit to reducing carbon emissions to slow climate change, the demand for coal has grown significantly.

The Wall Street Journal recently reported, “Coal use is increasing in some of the world’s largest economies as electricity demand recovers from the pandemic, illustrating the challenges facing countries weaning themselves off of dirty but reliable fossil fuel.”

Ironically, the shrinking coal industry in this county is one of the main reasons coal is now booming. The demand for thermal and metallurgical coal is outstripping supply and driving prices to levels that have not been reached for several years.

[…]

“Getting off coal is difficult because of security of supply,” said Kathryn Porter, founder of energy consultancy Watt-Logic, the Wall Street Journal. “At the end of the day you have to leave the lights on.”

[…]

The question, however, is how long the boom will last. “We hope this will last,” said Hamilton.

That is unlikely in the long run as several factors are putting downward pressure on the industry. However, right now it’s good to be in the coal business.

MetroNews, The Voice of West Virginia

Hoppy Kercheval is known as “the radio channel” of broadcasters in West Virginia.

I went to the normally reliable MSRP to get the latest graphs of historical coal production and prices and found out:

NYMEX coal futures

EIA no longer publishes NYMEX coal futures prices and all historical data is no longer available. For more information on NYMEX futures prices, please contact the CME Group.

Coal markets

And the:

This doesn’t really provide much context. Cancel Culture has apparently found its way into the EIA.

So I went to FRED …

International Monetary Fund, Global Coal Price, Australia [PCOALAUUSDM], retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/PCOALAUUSDM, August 24, 2021. FRED

The global benchmark for coal prices is Newcastle, Australia and it is booming.

Growing demand for the world’s least popular raw material is causing steam coal prices to rise 106% this year
PUBLISHED THU, AUG 19 2021

Sam Meredith

LONDON – Rising demand for electricity, infrastructure problems and a surge in global gas prices have sparked an extraordinary rally for the world’s least popular commodity.

Australian steam coal in Newcastle Port, the benchmark for the vast Asian market, is up 106% this year to more than $ 166 per ton, according to the latest weekly estimate from commodity price provider Argus.

The Newcastle weekly index, which hit a low of $ 46.18 in early September in 2020, now appears to be pointing to an all-time high of $ 195.20 in July 2008. Its South African counterpart, the Richards Bay Index, ended the week ending August 13 at $ 137.06 per ton, up more than 55% this year.

To put the notable rally in steam coal in some context, the international benchmark Brent crude is one of the few assets to have seen comparable gains this year. The oil contract has increased 33% since the beginning of the year.

The resurgence of steam coal, which is burned to generate electricity, raises serious questions about the so-called “energy transition”. Coal is the most CO2-intensive fossil fuel in terms of emissions and therefore the most important replacement target in the switch to renewable alternatives.

But while policymakers and business leaders repeatedly announce their commitment to meeting the demands of the worsening climate emergency, many still rely on fossil fuels to keep pace with rising electricity demands.

[…]

CNBC

“Death Trains”?

“On Tuesday, October 13, 2020, a freight train will transport coal from the Gunnedah Coal Handling and Preparation Plant operated by Whitehaven Coal Ltd. in Gunnedah, New South Wales, Australia. “
David Gray | Bloomberg | Getty Images

Crackpot nostalgia

Coal power plants are death factories. Close them
James Hansen

Sat, Feb 14, 2009

[…]

The trains that transport coal to the power plants are Death trains. Coal power plants are factories of death. When I testified against the proposed Kingsnorth power plant, I estimated that it would be responsible for the extinction of about 400 species during its lifespan – its proportional contribution to the number that would be doomed to extinction if carbon dioxide rose another 100ppm .

The German and Australian governments pretend to be green. When I show German officials the evidence that the coal source needs to be cut off, they say they will tighten the “carbon cap”. But a cap only slows down the consumption of a fuel – it doesn’t leave it in the ground. When I suggest that their new coal-fired power plants will have to convince Russia to leave its oil in the ground, they are silent. The Australian government was elected on a platform to solve the climate problem, but then, with the help of the industry, set emission targets so high that immeasurable disasters are guaranteed for the young, let alone for the unborn. These governments are not green. They are black – coal black.

[…]

The Graunade

Who’s in the mood for Johnny Cash?

I hear the train a-comin ‘; It’s rollin ’round the bend
And I haven’t seen the sunshine cause I don’t know when
I’m stuck in Folsom Prison and time drags on.
But this train keeps a-rollin ‘…

Johnny Cash

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Categories
Entertainment

OnlyFans Suspends New Coverage Change To Block Sexually Specific Content material (Replace)

Last week, OnlyFans announced that they would be blocking sexually explicit content on October 1st. After the creators gave their views on the matter, the company announced on Wednesday that they had suspended the policy change after “receiving necessary assurances to support their diverse community of creators.”

On Wednesday, the platform announced on Twitter the decision to suspend the policy and said, “Thanks to everyone for making your voices heard. We have obtained assurances to support our diverse community of creators and have paused the planned October 1st policy change. OnlyFans stands for inclusion and we will continue to provide a home for all creators. “

It was announced last week that OnlyFans would go through the platform and block any content they deemed sexually explicit. The new directive should come into force on October 1st. They originally said, “In order to ensure the long-term sustainability of our platform and continue to host an inclusive community of creators and fans, we need to further develop our content guidelines.”

The company had previously announced that it would seek funding to move away from adult content.

After the new policy was first announced, users like Tyga deleted their accounts from OnlyFans. However, Tyga took this as an opportunity to start his own platform. He has since announced his new company, Myystar, which is slated to launch in October, the same month OnlyFans originally wanted to block sexually explicit content.

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Categories
Sport

Fantasy Soccer PPR Rating 2021: High 200 Cheat Sheets

Let’s face it – even if you’ve actively found this article, you won’t be okay with it. In addition, you would like to object to this. You can’t wait to point out how stupid it is for Player X to rank above Player Y, that all QBs are too high, or that your favorite WR fifth-string rookie isn’t even into it. There is no doubt that you could get better top 200 PPR fantasy rankings while you sleep. Your only hope that the other fools in your league will take this rankings to heart as they put their design strategies together.

Uh, maybe you’re right. It’s fantasy football, after all. We’ve put a lot of time and energy into our preseason rankings, but injuries, unexpected failures, sudden outbursts and other strange things happen every year. And that’s exactly why these rankings are worth a few looks.

DOMINATE YOUR DESIGN: Ultimate 2021 Cheat Sheet

As confident as you are of your ability to rate players, you know you have been wrong in the past. Getting different perspectives on the preseason leaderboards can not only help you make your choices, but also get an idea of ​​what other owners in your league are thinking. If we have a player rated significantly lower than you, chances are at least some others are. That could mean you don’t have to reach that high for your favorite sleeper.

2021 PPR FANTASY RANKING:
Quarterback | Run back | Wide-angle receiver | Narrow end | D / ST | Kicker

It’s also important to really understand the differences between PPR scoring and standard scoring. This sounds intuitive, but if you’re used to playing in one league against the other, the differences are easily overrated (or underestimated). Also, your league’s default settings or other published leaderboards may be optimized for the default scoring even if you’re in a PPR league, which could really affect the progress of your design.

2021 STANDARD FANTASY RANKING:
Quarterback | Run back | Wide-angle receiver | Narrow end | D / ST | Kicker | Highest 200

Aside from receptions being obviously more important in PPR leagues, all QBs and D / STs are generally worth a little less. Simply put, there are just more points for RBs, WRs, and TEs so they have more value. Although QBs have the same value relative to one another, they do not outperform other positions quite as much.

FANTASY AUCTION VALUES 2021 (Standard & PPR):
Quarterback | Run back | Wide-angle receiver | Narrow end | D / ST | Kicker | total

The differences in our Standard and PPR rankings start immediately as Derrick Henry, our No. 1 Standard League player, drops to 5th on the PPR behind Christian McCaffrey, Saquon Barkley, Alvin Kamara and Dalvin Cook. Tyreek Hill, our top standard WR, drops to fifth among pass catchers behind Davante Adams, DeAndre Hopkins, Stefon Diggs and Calvin Ridley. Speaking of top players like this, the differences are small, but the values ​​are still affected, even in half-dot PPR formats.

MORE FANTASY RANKINGS 2021:
Superflex Top 200 | Superflex Top 200 PPR | IDP | Beginner | O lines

Of course, your biggest problems with these rankings will likely be further down the list. Committee representatives, WRs in new offenses, potential breakout TEs – all of these types of players spark an intense debate among fantasy owners every year. It’s part of what makes fantasy football so much fun. Anyway, trying different perspectives will only make your design prep more rounded and help you achieve what we all strive for: a fantasy mastery.

2021 FANTASY SLEEPER:
Quarterback | Run back | Wide-angle receiver | Narrow end | D / ST | Every team

We will continue to adjust these top 200 PPR rankings and provide more analysis by week 1. So check back for updates!

FANTASY TIERS 2021 & STRATEGY DESIGN:
Quarterback | Run back | Wide-angle receiver | Narrow end | D / ST

Fantasy PPR Ranking 2021: Top 200 Cheat Sheets

Rankings based on Full-point PPR, four-point passing TD Rating

rank player position
1 Christian McCaffrey, panther RB
2 Alvin Kamara, saint RB
3 Saquon Barkley, Giants RB
4th Dalvin Cook, Vikings RB
5 Derrick Henry, Titans RB
6th Ezekiel Elliott, cowboys RB
7th Davante Adams, Packers WR
8th DeAndre Hopkins, cardinals WR
9 Stefon Diggs, Bills WR
10 Travis Kelce, chiefs AT
11 Aaron Jones, Packers RB
12th Antonio Gibson, Washington RB
13th Calvin Ridley, falcon WR
14th Tyreek Hill, chiefs WR
fifteen Clyde Edwards-Helaire, Chiefs RB
16 Austin disgust, chargers RB
17th Allen Robinson, bears WR
18th Darren Waller, Raiders AT
19th Nick Chubb, Browns RB
20th Jonathan Taylor, Colts RB
21 DK Metcalf, Seahawks WR
22nd David Montgomery, bears RB
23 Najee Harris, Steelers RB
24 Miles Sanders, Eagles RB
25th George Kittle, 49er AT
26th Justin Jefferson, Viking WR
27 Keenan Allen, chargers WR
28 D’Andre Swift, lions RB
29 CeeDee lamb, cowboys WR
30th AJ Brown, titans WR
31 Joe Mixon, Bengal RB
32 Terry McLaurin, Washington WR
33 Patrick Mahomes, chiefs QB
34 James Robinson, jaguars RB
35 JK Dobbins, ravens RB
36 Cooper Kupp, Rams WR
37 Amari Cooper, cowboys WR
38 Kyler Murray, cardinals QB
39 Josh Allen, Bills QB
40 Myles Gaskin, dolphins RB
41 Mike Evans, privateer WR
42 DJ Moore, Panthers WR
43 Robert Woods, Rams WR
44 Tyler Lockett, Seahawks WR
45 Kyle Pitts, hawks AT
46 Chris Carson, Seahawks RB
47 Michael Thomas, saint WR
48 Julio Jones, Titans WR
49 Chris Godwin, privateer WR
50 Russell Wilson, Seahawks QB
51 Lamar Jackson, Ravens QB
52 Kareem Hunt, Browns RB
53 Josh Jacobs, raiders RB
54 Mike Davis, falcon RB
55 Brandon Aiyuk, 49 WR
56 Chase Edmonds, cardinals RB
57 Robby Anderson, panthers WR
58 TJ Hockenson, Lions AT
59 Odell Beckham Jr., Browns WR
60 Adam Thielen, Viking WR
61 Diontae Johnson, Steelers WR
62 JuJu Smith-Schuster, Steelers WR
63 Darrell Henderson, Rams RB
64 Javonte Williams, Broncos RB
65 Dak Prescott, cowboys QB
66 Mark Andrews, Ravens AT
67 Devin Singletary, Bills RB
68 Melvin Gordon, Broncos RB
69 Michael Carter, Jets RB
70 Courtland Sutton, Broncos WR
71 Kenny Golladay, Giants WR
72 DeVante Parker, dolphins WR
73 Justin Herbert, chargers QB
74 Raheem Mostert, 49er RB
75 Noah Fant, Broncos AT
76 Dallas Goedert, Eagles AT
77 DJ Chark, Jaguars WR
78 Tea Higgins, Bengal WR
79 Yes’Marr Chase, Bengal WR
80 Nyheim Hines, Colts RB
81 Logan Thomas, Washington AT
82 JD McKissic, Washington RB
83 Deebo Samuel, 49er WR
84 Antonio Brown, privateer WR
85 Ryan Tannehill, Titans QB
86 Damien Harris, patriot RB
87 Leonard Fournette, privateer RB
88 DeVonta Smith, Eagles WR
89 Matthew Stafford, Rams QB
90 Phillip Lindsay, Texan RB
91 Chase Claypool, Steelers WR
92 Tyler Higbee, Rams AT
93 Ronald Jones II, privateer RB
94 Tarik Cohen, bears RB
95 Mike Gesicki, dolphins AT
96 Mike Williams, chargers WR
97 Jerry Jeudy, Broncos WR
98 Tom Brady, privateer QB
99 Aaron Rodgers, packer QB
100 Robert Tonyan Jr., Packers AT
101 James Conner, cardinals RB
102 Jamaal Williams, Lions RB
103 Michael Pittman Jr., Colts WR
104 Tyler Boyd, Bengal WR
105 Jakobi Meyers, patriots WR
106 Jalen hurts, Eagles QB
107 Marquez Callaway, saint WR
108 Will Fuller, dolphins WR
109 Brandin Cooks, Texan WR
110 TY Hilton, Colts WR
111 Jarvis Landry, Browns WR
112 Gus Edwards, Ravens RB
113 Zack Moss, bills RB
114 Jalen Reagor, Eagles WR
115 Joe Burrow, Bengal QB
116 James White, patriot RB
117 David Johnson, Texan RB
118 Marquise Brown, ravens WR
119 Curtis Samuel, Washington WR
120 Laviska Shenault Jr., Jaguars WR
121 Henry Ruggs III, Raiders WR
122 Jonnu Smith, patriot AT
123 Kirk Cousins, Vikings QB
124 Latavius ​​Murray, saint RB
125 Darnell Mooney, bears WR
126 Jamison Crowder, Jets WR
127 Cole Beasley, Bills WR
128 Trevor Lawrence, Jaguars QB
129 Trey sermon, 49er RB
130 Rhamondre Stevenson, patriot RB
131 Irv Smith Jr., Viking AT
132 AJ Dillon, Packers RB
133 Tony Pollard, cowboys RB
134 Kenyan Drake, Raiders RB
135 Matt Ryan, hawks QB
136 Michael Gallup, cowboys WR
137 Corey Davis, Jets WR
138 Baltimore Ravens D / ST
139 Tampa Bay Buccaneers D / ST
140 Jared Cook, chargers AT
141 Gabriel Davis, Bills WR
142 Ben Roethlisberger, Steelers QB
143 Marvin Jones, jaguars WR
144 Jaylen Waddle, dolphins WR
145 Hunter Henry, patriot AT
146 Rob Gronkowski, privateer AT
147 Blake Jarwin, cowboys AT
148 Jameis Winston, saint QB
149 Tua Tagovailoa, dolphins QB
150 Pittsburgh Steelers D / ST
151 Russell Gage, hawks WR
152 Rondale Moore, Cardinals WR
153 Bryan Edwards, Raiders WR
154 Christian Kirk, cardinals WR
155 Tre’Quan Smith, saint WR
156 Kenneth Gainwell, Eagles RB
157 Young Bernhard, privateer RB
158 Alexander Mattison, Viking RB
159 Tevin Coleman, jets RB
160 Derek Carr, Raiders QB
161 New England Patriots D / ST
162 Nelson Agholor, patriot WR
163 Emmanuel Sanders, Bills WR
164 Evan Engram, Giants AT
165 Los Angeles Rams D / ST
166 Breshad Perriman, lions WR
167 Anthony Firkser, titans AT
168 Darrel Williams, Chiefs RB
169 Justin Jackson, chargers RB
170 Carlos Hyde, jaguars RB
171 Baker Mayfield, Browns QB
172 Justin Fields, bears QB
173 Trey Lance, 49er QB
174 Austin Hooper, Browns AT
175 Ty Johnson, Jets RB
176 Sony Michel, Rams RB
177 Malcolm Brown, dolphins RB
178 Rashaad Penny, Seahawks RB
179 Tyrell Williams, Lions WR
180 John Brown, Raiders WR
181 Miami dolphins D / ST
182 Washington Football Team D / ST
183 Buffalo bills D / ST
184 Indianapolis Colts D / ST
185 Daniel Jones, Giants QB
186 Cole Kmet, bears AT
187 Cordarrelle Patterson, Hawks RB
188 Devontae Booker, Giants RB
189 Carson Wentz, Colts QB
190 Kansas City Chiefs D / ST
191 Teddy Bridgewater, Broncos QB
192 Marlon Mack, Colts RB
193 Darius Slayton, Giants WR
194 Allen Lazard, packer WR
195 Mecole Hardman, Chiefs WR
196 Saints of New Orleans D / ST
197 San Francisco 49ers D / ST
198 Arizona Cardinals D / ST
199 Minnesota Vikings D / ST
200 Cleveland Browns D / ST
Categories
Science

An asteroid has been found crossing Mercury’s orbit

Astronomers have discovered the fastest asteroid ever orbiting the Sun – and sometimes it gets closer to the Sun than the planet Mercury.

Asteroid 2021 PH27 was discovered earlier this month and has the shortest orbital period of any known asteroid in the solar system. The asteroid’s orbit, about one kilometer in diameter, takes it 20 million kilometers (12 million miles, or 0.13 AU) from the Sun every 113 days.

This illustration shows the positions of the planets and the asteroid 2021 PH27 on the night of discovery of August 13, 2021 as they would be seen from a vantage point in the plane of the solar system. Credit: CTIO / NOIRLab / NSF / AURA / J. da Silva

But subsequent observations of this object indicate that it is in an unstable orbit that crosses the orbits of Mercury and Venus. That means, say astronomers, that within a few million years it will likely be destroyed or ejected from its current position in a collision with one of these planets or the sun.

One idea of ​​the origin of this object is that it could be an extinct comet from the outer solar system that was captured in a short orbit while passing near one of the terrestrial planets. But there are other options too.

“Most likely, in 2021, PH27 was removed from the main asteroid belt between Jupiter and Mars and the gravity of the inner planets shaped its orbit into its current configuration,” said Scott S. Sheppard of the Carnegie Institution of Science, who made the discovery with Ian Dell ‘ Antonio and Shenming Fu from Brown University.

This artist’s rendering shows the asteroid (above) and the planet Mercury (below). Credit: CTIO / NOIRLab / NSF / AURA / J. da Silva

The asteroid is so close to the Sun’s massive gravitational field that it is experiencing the largest general relativistic effects of any known object in the solar system, the team said. At its closest point to the sun, the object should be almost 500 degrees C (900 degrees F). It’s hot enough to melt lead.

2021 PH27 has now passed behind the sun and will only be visible again in early 2022. Further observations are then planned to determine its exact orbit, which will allow it to be officially named.

Sheppard said the 2021 PH27 discovery was significant as it will help astronomers learn more about asteroids that might one day hit Earth.

“Understanding the asteroid population in orbit is important in completing the census of asteroids near Earth, including some of the most likely Earth impactors that could approach Earth in daylight and that cannot be easily detected in most nocturnal surveys. away from the sun, ”said Sheppard.

Continue reading:
Press release from NOIRLab
Carnegie Science press release

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Categories
Health

Delta Air Traces is rising medical insurance premiums for unvaccinated workers by $ 200 per 30 days

Flight attendants are handing out refreshments on a jam-packed Delta Airlines flight scheduled for Friday, April 21.

Kent Nishimura | Los Angeles Times | Getty Images

Ed Bastian, Delta Air Lines CEO, told employees on Wednesday that if they are not vaccinated against Covid-19, their health insurance premiums will be increased by $ 200 a month starting November 1.

Unvaccinated employees will face other restrictions, including indoor masking from now on and weekly Covid-19 testing starting September 12, the Atlanta-based airline said when it announced new Covid guidelines for employees.

The measures are the latest attempt by a US company to increase Covid vaccination rates. Delta stopped short of a full mandate, as set up by rival United Airlines earlier this month. The airline, which self-insures its employees, stands out for its plans to increase the premiums for unvaccinated workers to cover the higher costs of insuring employees who contract Covid.

“The average hospital stay for COVID-19 has cost Delta $ 40,000 per person,” Bastian said in an employee memo. “This surcharge will be necessary to address the financial risk that the decision not to vaccinate means for our company. In the last few weeks since variant B.1.617.2 came up, all Delta employees have been infected with COVID hospitalized, not fully vaccinated. ” . “

Delta is self-insured and United Healthcare manages the airline’s health insurance plans. The change in approach was the initiative of Delta.

Delta also said that as of September 30, “in accordance with state and local laws, COVID payment protection will only be granted to fully vaccinated individuals who have a breakthrough infection.” Unvaccinated employees who contract Covid must, without exception, use their sick days thereafter.

CEO Bastian said that around 75% of Delta’s 75,000 or so employees have already been vaccinated and that “the aggressiveness of the [delta] Variation means that we have to get a lot more of our people vaccinated, as close to 100 percent as possible. “

Delta started vaccinating new employees against Covid earlier this year.

On Monday, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration gave the Pfizer vaccine full approval, though a Delta Air Lines spokeswoman said the plan had been in the works for weeks and the timing was random.

Alaska Airlines told its employees earlier this month that it was considering requiring employees to be vaccinated against Covid but would not do so until after one of the vaccines received full approval. Frontier Airlines said this month that employees need to be vaccinated or tested for Covid on a regular basis.

Delta, which has the fewest unionized employees on any major US airline, said it had notified the Air Line Pilots Association, their aviation union, of the changes.

Airlines are among the hardest hit by the pandemic, and the rise of the Delta Covid variant is already leading to a recent rebound in bookings, according to airlines such as Southwest, American Airlines and Spirit.

Categories
Entertainment

Sadie Robertson Reacts After Fan Unfollows Her Over Postpartum Photograph

Sadie Robertson Welcomes Baby No. 1 With Christian Huff

Sadie Robertson is getting candid about her physique after giving birth.

On Sunday, Aug. 22, the 24-year-old Duck Dynasty alum posted an Instagram photo of herself wearing a pair of jeans not long after welcoming daughter Honey James, along with a pic wearing the same pair that was previously taken while she was a month pregnant with the bundle of joy. Sadie and husband Christian Huff welcomed their first child in May.

In her caption, Sadie mentioned receiving a DM from a fan who said that she and her daughters were unfollowing the star. Sadie wrote it’s “totally fine to unfollow me, but it was WHY that got me,” as the fan didn’t appreciate that Sadie appeared to “brag and flaunt my body,” according to the caption.

“I thought about how I could’ve told her that I didn’t ‘bounce back’ how you may perceive outwardly,” Sadie wrote. “I could tell her about parts of me that haven’t healed yet. I could tell her about the bumps that I still have covering half of my body since birth bc of a new allergy triggered by a stressful labor.”

Categories
Sport

NFL Energy Rankings 2021 – Preseason 1-32 ballot, plus gamers, coaches, basic managers on scorching seat

6:50 AM ET

  • NFL NationESPN

Preseason is a time for looking ahead, but as we unleash the latest version of the 2021 NFL Power Rankings, we’re looking way ahead. That means looking into the future to see whose status could be in jeopardy if they don’t step it up this season. Whether it’s judging who might be looking for a new team next year, who might be in danger of a demotion or who might lose their NFL employment for good, we’re breaking out the hot seat.

We’re not just talking about players, though there are plenty who qualify to be on the hot seat — especially at quarterback. (There are 11 QBs listed below, including a certain defending league MVP.) The hot seat is an across-the-board phenomenon that also includes coaches (young and old) who need to win to keep their jobs and general managers who need to see some of their draft picks start to pan out so they can make more in the future.

How we rank: Our power panel — a group of more than 80 writers, editors and TV personalities — evaluates how teams stack up throughout the season.

Jump to:
ARI | ATL | BAL | BUF | CAR | CHI | CIN
CLE | DAL | DEN | DET | GB | HOU | IND
JAX | KC | LV | LAC | LAR | MIA | MIN
NE | NO | NYG | NYJ | PHI | PIT | SF
SEA | TB | TEN | WSH

Post-draft ranking: 1

Person on the hot seat: WR Mecole Hardman

The Chiefs showed a lot of faith in the third-year player, declining to bring in a veteran receiver or draft one in an early round to replace Sammy Watkins. Hardman is first in line to replace Watkins and needs to justify that faith. If he doesn’t respond with a consistent season, one without all the highs and lows of the past two seasons, look for the Chiefs to acquire a receiver next year to join Tyreek Hill as a regular. — Adam Teicher

Post-draft ranking: 2

Person on the hot seat: QB Ryan Griffin

The writing was already on the wall when the Bucs selected Kyle Trask in the second round of the 2021 NFL draft, but Griffin had still maintained his spot as the third-best quarterback on the team in terms of rep hierarchy. However, Griffin threw two interceptions in the Bucs’ preseason opener against the Bengals. Others who have been in Bruce Arians’ doghouse include running back Ke’Shawn Vaughn and wide receiver Tyler Johnson, but both have responded with strong performances since getting called out. — Jenna Laine

2 Related

Post-draft ranking: 3

Person on the hot seat: TE Dawson Knox

The Bills are undeniably high on Knox after a pedestrian 2020 season, declining to make major moves for a starting tight end outside of signing Jacob Hollister. But GM Brandon Beane said this offseason that the team needs more out of its tight ends, and Knox, the leader of the bunch, has the talent to provide it. He has struggled with drops over the past two seasons but worked with a “hand-eye” trainer this offseason to alleviate the issue. — Marcel Louis-Jacques

Post-draft ranking: 5

Person on the hot seat: QB Aaron Rodgers

As absurd as it might seem on the surface, yes, the reigning NFL MVP is on the hot seat. He put himself there — perhaps unwittingly — with the way he approached this offseason and essentially tried to leverage control over his future. If he wants this to be his last dance with the Packers, then it would help his legacy to go out a winner. Anything short of a Super Bowl might tarnish his legacy, at least among some Packers loyalists. — Rob Demovsky

Post-draft ranking: 4

Person on the hot seat: C Brian Allen

When the Rams opened training camp, Allen appeared to be second in a competition with Austin Corbett to earn the starting job at center. But midway through camp, coach Sean McVay bumped Allen to starter, and now the fourth-year pro must prove he can excel on a team that has Super Bowl aspirations. A fourth-round pick in 2018, Allen is entering the final season of his rookie contract and does not have an extension in place. He started at center in 2019 and had uneven results in nine games before suffering a season-ending knee injury, and he did not play in 2020. — Lindsey Thiry

Post-draft ranking: 6

Person on the hot seat: C Bradley Bozeman

Bozeman is the new starter at center, which was the hottest seat on the team last year. The Ravens struggled with two centers last season — Matt Skura and Patrick Mekari — with poor snaps to Lamar Jackson in the pistol formation. Now Bozeman tries to stabilize that position in a contract year. After starting the past two years at left guard, Bozeman feels center is his natural position because he played there at Alabama. How well Bozeman plays this season will likely determine his future in Baltimore. — Jamison Hensley

play

0:50

Field Yates gives his analysis of Baltimore TE Mark Andrews for fantasy.

Post-draft ranking: 7

Person on the hot seat: WR Odell Beckham Jr.

The Browns proved last season they can move the ball — and win — without OBJ. Now the pressure is on Beckham to prove he can elevate Cleveland’s ceiling — and its offense — to another level. Beckham has struggled to find a chemistry with QB Baker Mayfield since arriving two years ago. He has been limited by injuries as well, including 2020’s season-ending ACL tear. But OBJ appears healthy again. And all eyes will be watching to see if the three-time Pro Bowler can make his mark in what figures to be a make-or-break season for his Cleveland tenure. — Jake Trotter

Post-draft ranking: 8

Person on the hot seat: RB Rashaad Penny

It’s now or never for Penny in Seattle as the No. 27 overall pick in 2018 enters the last year of his rookie deal. The Seahawks declined to pick up his fifth-year option this spring because of his underwhelming production in three injury-plagued seasons. While the talk entering camp was about how fit Penny looked and the one-two punch he could form with Chris Carson, Penny has since missed time with a thigh injury. Carson just signed a two-year deal, but his own injury history means Penny could have chances to showcase himself to potential suitors. He’ll have to stay healthy to capitalize on those opportunities. — Brady Henderson

Post-draft ranking: 10

Person on the hot seat: OLB Harold Landry III

The Titans expected last season to be a breakout year for Landry after he finished with nine sacks in 2019. Landry worked to add a complementary move to his speed rush, but it didn’t get results and his production decreased to 5.5 sacks. New outside linebackers coach Ryan Crow isn’t allowing Landry to use his patented speed rush in camp, which is challenging him to develop another way to get to the QB. This is a contract year for Landry, so he needs to prove himself worthy of an extension. — Turron Davenport

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Post-draft ranking: 9

Person on the hot seat: QB Jimmy Garoppolo

Realistically, this decision was made once the Niners traded up to No. 3 and drafted QB Trey Lance. But Garoppolo is still clinging to his starting job, and the longer he does that — and stays healthy — the better it will bode for his future. It’s unlikely he could do enough to stay beyond this year, but either way, this is a huge season from a career standpoint. Garoppolo is under contract for just one more season after this, but a big year would undoubtedly increase his trade value and could put him in position to land another sizable contract as a starter somewhere else. — Nick Wagoner

Post-draft ranking: 15

Person on the hot seat: TE Eric Ebron

Signed in free agency a year ago, Ebron was brought in to be a red zone threat. But he struggled with drops last season, he wasn’t a significant help as a blocker and his production — five touchdowns and 558 yards — didn’t meet expectations. The Steelers drafted Penn State tight end Pat Freiermuth in the second round, and he has been a standout in camp as a receiver and a blocker. Ebron has been sidelined with elbow soreness, giving Freiermuth more first-team reps. The rookie could not only push Ebron, an unrestricted free agent after this season, for a starting job, but also could bump him off the roster. — Brooke Pryor

Post-draft ranking: 16

Person on the hot seat: LB Jaylon Smith

Smith led the Cowboys in tackles the past two seasons but didn’t make many impactful plays. His $7.2 million base salary is guaranteed for this season, but his playing time is not. The Cowboys know they need to get 2021 No. 12 overall pick Micah Parsons on the field a ton. Leighton Vander Esch has had a productive training camp and is back at his preferred weakside spot. Free-agent pickup Keanu Neal has performed well, too. All of it could leave Smith out in the cold. If Smith does not regain his form of a few seasons ago, this could be his last year with the Cowboys. — Todd Archer

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Ryan Clark says that the pressure is on Ezekiel Elliott to produce for the Cowboys this season.

Post-draft ranking: 11

Person on the hot seat: Coach Kliff Kingsbury

This is a make-or-break season for Kingsbury. Arizona has made steady improvement the past two seasons, going from three wins to five in 2019 — Kingsbury’s first season — and from five to eight last season. But Arizona didn’t make the playoffs last season for the fifth straight year, going into a tailspin after starting 5-2, thanks in part to an injury to quarterback Kyler Murray. If Arizona doesn’t make the playoffs in 2021 for any reason besides major injuries, it is hard to think that Kingsbury will be the coach in 2022. — Josh Weinfuss

Post-draft ranking: 12

Person on the hot seat: K Rodrigo Blankenship

Blankenship’s seat has been warm since he missed a field goal in a three-point playoff loss to Buffalo to cap off a rookie season in which he lacked consistency (five missed field goals and two missed extra points). The Colts made it clear that Blankenship didn’t have the job locked up when they signed veteran Eddy Pineiro to compete with him during the offseason. — Mike Wells

Post-draft ranking: 17

Person on the hot seat: RB Justin Jackson

Jackson is the Chargers’ No. 4 running back at the moment, and few see the team keeping all four. He has been productive when healthy in his first three seasons but finds himself fighting for time with starter Austin Ekeler, second-year man Joshua Kelley and rookie Larry Rountree III. Jackson’s future with the Chargers looks uncertain, and he could be the victim of a numbers game. — Shelley Smith

Jeremy Fowler polled a panel of more than 50 coaches, execs, scouts and players to come up with top-10 rankings for 2021:

• Edge | Interior DL | LB
• CB | Safety | OT | Interior OL
• QB | RB | WR | TE
More NFL coverage »

Post-draft ranking: 14

Person on the hot seat: QB Tua Tagovailoa

This is low-hanging fruit, sure, but Tagovailoa is absolutely under pressure to perform in his second NFL season. The team around him is built for success, and although Miami’s offensive line still has room for improvement, the Dolphins expect to see a more confident, aggressive quarterback in 2021. He gets somewhat of a pass for last season, coming off a debilitating hip injury and entering the league in a pandemic-ravaged offseason. But in a year when the Dolphins should expect to make the playoffs, Tagovailoa must rise to the occasion. — Marcel Louis-Jacques

Post-draft ranking: 19

Person on the hot seat: QB Cam Newton

Since the Patriots selected Mac Jones No. 15 overall, it has been more a matter of when rather than if Jones becomes the starting QB. If Newton can turn a full offseason in the Patriots’ system into better on-field results during the regular season, he could hold off the passing of the torch until 2022. The pressure is on. — Mike Reiss

Post-draft ranking: 13

People on the hot seat: GM Rick Spielman and coach Mike Zimmer

Both Spielman and Zimmer are in the first year of three-year contract extensions, but that job security could wane if the Vikings don’t make the playoffs. The team has not missed the postseason in back-to-back years since Zimmer arrived in 2014, and the head coach’s influence was apparent with the defensive additions the team made this offseason. Right now, the outlook for the 2021 draft class isn’t great. Of the 11 players Spielman drafted, only one — fourth-round running back/kickoff returner Kene Nwangwu — looks to make a considerable contribution early on. That doesn’t bode well for Spielman, who needs linemen Christian Darrisaw (first round) and Wyatt Davis (third round) to pan out. — Courtney Cronin

Post-draft ranking: 18

People on the hot seat: QBs Jameis Winston and Taysom Hill

Both QBs have a great opportunity to inherit a playoff offense in the wake of Drew Brees’ retirement. And both have shown enough growth through three weeks of training camp to prove they deserve a legitimate shot at an NFL starting gig. But the runner-up in this battle will face a very uncertain future. Both are scheduled to be free agents after this season, and it’s hard to imagine either one of them will find an opportunity this good on the open market next year. — Mike Triplett

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Field Yates and Matthew Berry examine Taysom Hill’s propensity to run the ball and how it could affect Alvin Kamara.

Post-draft ranking: 20

Person on the hot seat: QB Ryan Fitzpatrick

He’s the clear starter ahead of Taylor Heinicke and Kyle Allen, but Fitzpatrick — with his ninth franchise — remains a quarterback with much to prove. Washington harbors playoff aspirations, and Fitzpatrick has never led a team to the postseason in 16 years. Fitzpatrick is on a one-year contract, so if it doesn’t work out, he’ll be gone — but if it does, Washington can re-sign him, draft a quarterback to groom and be set for 2022 and beyond. Fitzpatrick has impressed new teammates with his knowledge and communication skills, and the receivers like that he’ll be aggressive. Turnovers have been his nemesis, but if he limits them, he’ll jump off the hot seat — until next year. — John Keim

Post-draft ranking: 22

Person on the hot seat: GM Mike Mayock

If it’s true that draft classes cannot be fairly judged for three years, the same should be said for first-time general managers who used to be on TV as a draft expert, yes? Yes. Mayock may not have final say on personnel decisions — that’s coach Jon Gruden’s department — but his fingerprints are all over the past three draft classes, which have yielded more head-scratching picks (Clelin Ferrell, Johnathan Abram, Henry Ruggs III, Damon Arnette, Lynn Bowden Jr., Alex Leatherwood) than bona fide Pro Bowlers (Josh Jacobs). Fair or not, the spotlight is on Mayock in his third season as Raiders GM. — Paul Gutierrez

Post-draft ranking: 24

Person on the hot seat: OLB Robert Quinn

The Bears badly need Quinn to have an impactful year rushing the passer opposite Khalil Mack. Quinn’s first season in Chicago was forgettable. After signing a big free-agent deal that included $30 million in guarantees, the veteran had just two sacks. The Bears want to see a return on their investment from Quinn. So far, not so good. Quinn has been sidelined with back issues for a good portion of training camp. — Jeff Dickerson

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Post-draft ranking: 21

Person on the hot seat: QB Matt Ryan

This is a transitional year for everyone in the organization. Head coach Arthur Smith and general manager Terry Fontenot are in their first seasons and will have time to construct the team in their images. The biggest question is what to do at quarterback. If Ryan leads the Falcons to success, he is probably around until the end of his contract in 2023. But if things falter, Smith and Fontenot might elect to start anew. It’s a tricky line to walk, but the 2021 season could dictate the path of the Falcons for the next four to six seasons. — Michael Rothstein

Post-draft ranking: 23

Person on the hot seat: GM Dave Gettleman

Fifteen wins in three seasons since he took over says it all. The Giants need to win some games in order for Gettleman to feel safe. A fourth straight losing year would not reflect well on the 70-year-old general manager, especially if the offensive line and/or quarterback were among the primary reasons for the team’s failure. Gettleman’s legacy ultimately rests on the success of Daniel Jones and an O-line that was supposed to be his top priority when he took the job four years ago. Both remain massive question marks for this organization. — Jordan Raanan

Post-draft ranking: 25

Person on the hot seat: QB Sam Darnold

The hot seat could have belonged to coach Matt Rhule, who put his faith in Darnold after the quarterback’s three failed seasons with the Jets when he could have taken Justin Fields or Mac Jones with the eighth pick. The belief was that Darnold and corner Jaycee Horn — the Panthers’ pick at No. 8 — offered more value. Fortunately for Rhule, he’s in the second season of a seven-year deal, so he isn’t likely to be fired if Darnold turns out to be mistake. But if Darnold fails in 2021, Carolina will be in the quarterback market again — even though it picked up Darnold’s fifth-year option. — David Newton

Post-draft ranking: 26

Person on the hot seat: Coach Vic Fangio

The third-year coach is respected throughout the league, and defensive coordinators routinely say how much they use what he does in certain matchup situations. His players respect him, but Fangio needs wins. He’s 0-for-7 in September with the Broncos, and the team has not been able to recover from those starts. Yes, 2020 cratered with a long list of injuries to some of the team’s best players, and the Broncos famously lost all their quarterbacks for a game last season due to COVID-19 protocols, but the roster has been upgraded. With first-year general manager George Paton in firm control, Fangio has to win now. — Jeff Legwold

Post-draft ranking: 27

Person on the hot seat: QB Jalen Hurts

This isn’t exactly fair to the 23-year-old Hurts, who is entering his second season and has shown promise as a player and leader during his brief time as the front man in Philadelphia. But the Eagles are in a transition period and have upward of three first-round picks in the 2022 NFL draft, assets they can use to acquire their QB of the future if they’re not sold on Hurts. In other words, he’s already facing a prove-it year. — Tim McManus

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Matthew Berry and Field Yates examine the final four games of the rookie seasons for Lamar Jackson and Jalen Hurts.

Post-draft ranking: 29

Person on the hot seat: Coach Zac Taylor

All the pressure is on Taylor, who has just six wins in his first two seasons. He entered at the bottom of the rebuilding project, but now the roster has been retooled through the draft and an unprecedented spending spree for the franchise. That leaves it up to Taylor to make the most of those resources, as the front office has acknowledged the urgency needed to find more wins. It’s time for the Bengals to see whether the rebuild is finally complete. — Ben Baby

Post-draft ranking: 30

People on the hot seat: OTs Cam Robinson and Jawaan Taylor

Second-round pick Walker Little has had a very good training camp, and the Jaguars have been training him at both tackle spots, though he has mainly been working at left tackle. Robinson and Taylor struggled last year, combining to give up 27 sacks (including a league-high 18 by Taylor), per ESPN Stats & Information. The Jaguars opted to franchise Robinson and not pursue a veteran in free agency, but Little is pushing him. Right now, the plan is for Little to be the swing tackle, but if either Robinson or Taylor falters, Little could move quickly into the starting lineup. — Michael DiRocco

Post-draft ranking: 28

Person on the hot seat: TE Chris Herndon

The fourth-year tight end has regressed since showing promise as a rookie in 2018. He’s off to a slow start in his third offensive system in four years, raising questions about his role. In the preseason opener, he got only seven reps with the starters, compared with 15 for fellow tight end Tyler Kroft. Herndon would be in serious jeopardy if the Jets were stacked at tight end, but that is hardly the case. Still, with a new coaching staff, anything is possible. — Rich Cimini

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Post-draft ranking: 31

Person on the hot seat: WR Breshad Perriman

The 2021 season will be huge for Perriman, who agreed to a one-year deal in the offseason with the same franchise for which his father, Brett, starred in the 1990s. There is a big opportunity for Breshad, but he must seize the moment as a 2015 first-round pick. He isn’t necessarily in jeopardy of not making the team, but his long-term future could be at stake depending on how this year pans out. — Eric Woodyard

Post-draft ranking: 32

Person on the hot seat: RB David Johnson

Johnson’s spot on the Texans’ roster is safe for this season, but his future in the NFL likely hinges on having a productive year. The Texans clearly want Johnson on the team in 2021, as they doubled his guaranteed money when they restructured his contract this offseason, but going into the season, they don’t expect him to play nearly as much as he did in 2020. Johnson, who is making $4.7 million in 2021, is a free agent after this season. — Sarah Barshop

Categories
Science

Extinction Rise up co-founder drives a diesel – with that?

Extinction Rebellion co-founder drives a diesel – with that? Jump to content

Cristo collides with Extinction Rebellion co-founder Gail Bradbrook after the recent climate protests and calls her a “hypocrite” for admitting to driving a diesel car and flying 11,000 miles for a vacation.

Gail: “You’re a boring interviewer.”

@cristo_radio | @gailbradbrook

Originally tweeted by talkRADIO (@talkRADIO) on Aug 23, 2021.

HT / Shrnfr, Charles F.

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Keywords: Climate Hypocrite, Extinction Rebellion, XR

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Science

Mud Storms on Mars Proceed to Make the Planet Drier

Despite decades of exploration and study, Mars still has its fair share of mysteries. In particular, scientists are still trying to ascertain what happened to the water that once flowed on Mars’ surface. Unfortunately, billions of years ago, the Martian atmosphere began to be stripped away by solar wind, which also resulted in the loss of its surface water over time – although it was not entirely clear where it went and what mechanisms were involved.

To address this, a team of scientists recently consulted data obtained by three orbiter missions studying the Martian atmosphere. In the process, they found evidence that the smaller regional dust storms that happen almost annually on Mars are making the planet drier over time. These findings suggest that storms are a major driving force behind the evolution of Mars’ atmosphere and its transition to the freezing and desiccated place we know today.

Dust storms are a regular occurrence on Mars and occur whenever the lower atmosphere heats up, which causes air currents to pick up dust and circulate it around the planet. This can occur when Mars is at the closest point in its orbit to the Sun (perihelion) and can also be exacerbated due to variations in temperature between the hemispheres – when one of them is experiencing summer, atmospheric circulation can dramatically increase.

These dust storms have the effect of heating the upper areas of Mars’ sparse atmosphere, preventing water molecules from freezing as they normally would and forcing them to rise even higher. In these highest reaches of the Martian atmosphere, water molecules are vulnerable to ultraviolet radiation, which causes them to undergo chemical disassociation and break into their constituent elements – hydrogen and oxygen.

Whereas the oxygen (the heavier element) will either escape to space or settle back to the surface, the hydrogen is easily lost to space. Michael S. Chaffin, a researcher at the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics at the University of Colorado at Boulder, was also the lead author on the study. As he said in a recent NASA press release:

“All you have to do to lose water permanently is to lose one hydrogen atom because then the hydrogen and oxygen can’t recombine into water. So when you’ve lost a hydrogen atom, you’ve definitely lost a water molecule.”

Scientists have long suspected that Mars lost most of its water due to dust storms but did not realize the significance of regional storms. These happen nearly every summer in the planet’s southern hemisphere, whereas the larger storms (which can encompass the entire planet) typically happen once every three to four Martian years – the equivalent of about five and a half to seven and a half Earth years.

Image taken by the MRO on Nov. 30, 2010, showing a “tower tower” (bottom center), a concentrated cloud of dust that can be lofted dozens of miles above the surface. The blue-white plumes are water vapor clouds. Credits: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS

Previousily, these massive storms and the hot summer months in the southern hemisphere (when Mars is closer to the Sun) were thought to be the main drivers. However, after consulting data obtained by the three Mars orbiters, Chaffin and his colleagues found that Mars loses about twice the amount of water during a regional storm as it does during summer in the southern hemisphere without regional storms.

This data comes from NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO), the ESA’s Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO), and the Mars Atmospheric and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) orbiter. Geronimo Villanueva, a Martian water expert at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center (and a co-author on the paper), was also a member of the Trace Gas Orbiter’s science team. As he explained:

“This paper helps us virtually go back in time and say, ‘OK, now we have another way to lose water that will help us relate this little water we have on Mars today with the humongous amount of water we had in the past… The instruments should all tell the same story, and they do.”

Since water is one of the key ingredients for life as we know it, scientists are very interested in determining where it went and how long it existed on the surface of Mars. Essentially, they want to know if it existed long enough to allow for the emergence of basic life forms, like single-celled microbes. Knowing the mechanisms for water loss is also crucial for future crewed missions to Mars, which will need to secure sources of water locally.

Artist’s impression of the MAVEN mission arriving around Mars. Credit: NASA

While scientists had many theories about what was happening to the water on Mars today, they lacked the measurements needed to come up with a complete picture. Then, Chaffin and his colleagues were presented with an opportunity when a rare convergence of spacecraft orbits took place during a regional dust storm (which lasted from January to February 2019) allowed scientists to make unprecedented observations.

Each orbiter carried out a different kind of science operation. While NASA’s MRO measured the temperature, dust, and water-cice concentrations from the surface to 100 km (62 mi) above it, the ESA’s TGO measure the concentration of water vapor and ice in the same altitude range. Meanwhile, NASA’s MAVEN spacecraft recorded the amount of hydrogen gas to altitudes of over 1000 km (620 mi) above the surface.

All told, four instruments on the three spacecraft collected data on the regional dust storm to determine its role in Martian water escape. This included the TGO’s spectrometers, which detected the water vapor in the lower atmosphere before the dust storm began. It also witnessed the water vapor rise into the middle atmosphere as the storm began, eventually reaching concentrations that were ten times greater than before the storm took off.

This coincided with data obtained by the MRO’s Mars Climate Sounder (MCS), which detected rising temperatures in the atmosphere as dust was raised high above the planet. As expected, it also saw water-ice clouds disappear since ice could no longer in the warmer lower atmosphere. Meanwhile, the MAVEN’s Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrometer (IUS) showed that before the storm hit, ice could be seen above the massive volcanoes in Tharsis region of Mars.

True color image of a storm front located near Utopia Planitia, near the northern polar ice cap of Mars. Credit: Credits: ESA/DLR/FU Berlin

These same clouds disappeared when the storm began, and reappeared the moment the skies cleared. Seeing this unfold in from of their eyes confirmed what Chaffin and his colleagues had suspect all along. While some modeling and indirect evidence has suggested that there is a relationship between dust activity and water loss on Mars, this is the first study that has been able to distinguish between seasonal water loss and dust-driven forcing.

Although some modelling and indirect observational evidence suggest that dust activity can explain the seasonal trend, no previous study has been able to unambiguously distinguish seasonal from dust-driven forcing. These findings not only provide new insight into the dynamics that drive the Martian environment, they could also be highly significant when it comes to planning crewed missions to Mars.

After all, an understanding Mars’ limited water cycle could be essential to actually finding sources of it!

Further Reading: NASA, Nature

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Health

85-90% of the US should be vaccinated “if we’re to try this,” warns Dr. Peter Hotez

Dr. Peter Hotez warned that the rapid spread of the Delta coronavirus variant has forced the threshold on the number of Americans who need vaccination to achieve herd immunity to be much higher.

“We are now realizing the variant that is so transmissible that we must have vaccinated 85%, maybe 90% of the country,” said Hotez, co-director of the Center for Vaccine Development at Texas Children’s Hospital.

“That’s not 85%, 90% of the adults, that’s 85-90% of the country, that is, all adults and all young people, if we really want to get through this, and that’s why he gives these extended timeframes before we get out of Covid-19 come out.”

White House senior medical advisor Dr. Anthony Fauci predicted the nation could have some control over Covid by spring 2022 if the “overwhelming majority of people who haven’t been vaccinated” are vaccinated. Covid deaths in the US are as high as in March at more than 1,000 a day.

US officials believe vaccination is the best way to tackle rising cases. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, about 51% of the entire US population will be fully vaccinated against Covid as of Sunday.

Hotez told CNBC’s “The News with Shepard Smith” that the US needs to “readjust” based on data from Israel, and this could include the need to wear masks outdoors.

“If you’re in cramped conditions outside, it’s pretty highly transferable, so certainly any type of sporting event, music event – you don’t want to go there without a mask,” Hotez said.

Oregon Governor Kate Brown signed a new statewide mandate on outdoor masks on Tuesday that requires people to wear masks in most outdoor environments regardless of vaccination status.